Population - Chapter 3 Exam

Question 1

R selected species

Answer 1

Smaller, lots of offspring, fast maturity, no parental care

Question 2

K selected species

Answer 2

Bigger, less offspring, mature later in life, lots of parental care

Question 3

K vs R surviving major changes

Answer 3

R selected survives - More offspring and matures earlier in life. K selected have longer lifespans which would make K selected take longer to get back to original amount of individuals.

Question 4

Density Dependant

Answer 4

Predation, Disease, Competition for resources, parisitism, territorial behaviour

Question 5

Density Independant

Answer 5

Climate events, Natural disasters, habitat loss, pollution, human disturbance, natural predators

Question 6

What factors Decrease populations

Answer 6

Density Independant factors

Question 7

What factors Increase Populations

Answer 7

Reproductivity, Lots resources, less mortality, protected environments, immigration, good climate conditions

Question 8

Exponential Growth Curve

Answer 8

J curve

Question 9

Carrying Capacity

Answer 9

maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain (straight line on graph)

Question 10

Logistic Growth Curve

Answer 10

S curve

Question 11

Oscillating Cycle: Boom phase

Answer 11

Everything is going well for the population and things start going up and up.

Favorable growth conditions

Question 12

Oscillating Cycle: Bust phase

Answer 12

Something went wrong and things are going down and down.

Question 13

Repeating Oscillating Cycle

Answer 13

Things boom and bust repeatedly

Question 14

Concept of island geography

Answer 14

the biodiversity and number of species inhabiting an island is impacted by the island’s land size and degree of isolation.

Question 15

Small island/Isolated island

Answer 15

less inhabitants

Question 16

Larger island/less isolated island

Answer 16

more inhabitants

Question 17

Generalist

Answer 17

Able to feed on a wide variety of things and thrive in various environments

Question 18

Specialist

Answer 18

Only able to eat a limited diet and occupy a much narrower niche

Question 19

Rule of 70

Answer 19

estimates the doubling time of a population or any quantity that grows exponentially

Doubling Time ≈ 70/% Growth Rate = years

Doubling time = (# of years for pop. to double)

Question 20

Immigration

Answer 20

moving into a country or region with the intention of residing there permanently or semi-permanently.

Question 21

Emmigration

Answer 21

leaving a country or region with the intention of residing elsewhere.

Question 22

Survivorship Graph: Type i

Answer 22

high survival throughout life and dies off at the end.
e.g. humans

Question 23

Survivorship Graph: Type ii

Answer 23

constant mortality rates throughout life.
e.g. birds/lizards

Question 24

Survivorship Graph: Type iii

Answer 24

high mortality rate earlier in life with low rates of death later in life.
e.g. trees

Question 25

Stabilizing factors for populations

Answer 25

the carrying capacity, environmental resistance, and housing/food.

Question 26

Fertility Rates

Answer 26

average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime

Question 27

Replacement Fertility

Answer 27

a total fertility rate that leads to each new generation being less populous than the older, previous one

Question 28

Factors that reduce population growth

Answer 28

Mortality and Emmigration

Question 29

Higher birth rates in developing countries

Answer 29

Having more children makes it easier to work farms and high infant mortality = need more children for survivability

Question 30

Lower birth rates in developed countries

Answer 30

less infant/child mortality means no need for lots of kids for survivability and easier to care for and pass on previous works

Question 31

Factors that decrease infant mortality

Answer 31

Safety measures, Nutrition, Immunizations, and improved health care.

Question 32

Possible issues from an increasing human population

Answer 32

More housing, loss of habitat, more food, malnutrition, disease, and increased use of resources.

Question 33

Global Population Growth Rate

Answer 33

[Crude Birth Rate + Immigration - Crude Death Rate + Emmigration]/10

Question 34

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 34

Deaths/1000 under 1 yrs

Question 35

Child Mortality Rate

Answer 35

Deaths/1000 under 5 yrs

Question 36

Stage 1 population growth

Answer 36

Slow population growth, before mordenization, lots of deaths/kids

Question 37

Stage 2 population growth

Answer 37

Rapid population growth, fewer deaths

Question 38

Stage 3 population growth

Answer 38

Stable population growth, education + economy improvements

Question 39

Stage 4 population growth

Answer 39

Declining population growth, working too much