Population Change In The Uk EQ1 Flashcards
What is place?
-a term interchangeable with area or location
-places are part of a geographical space but to do not necessarily have definite boundaries
What are the features of a “place”?
-a place is dynamic and changing (constantly being transformed)
-places are shaped by internal connections (e.g. employment, services, housing)
-places are also shaped by external connections (e.g. government policies and globalisation)
What is the demographic transition model?
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is a theory that explains how a country’s population changes over time as it develops, moving through five stages based on birth rates, death rates, and overall population growth
Why was there a large birth rate in the uk during the 1960s?
-The high birth rate in the UK during the 1960s was due to the post-war baby boom, driven by economic recovery, improved healthcare, and social expectations
-After World War II, people felt more secure, leading to higher marriage and birth rates. Economic growth provided better job opportunities and living standards, making it easier to raise families
-Advances in healthcare, including the NHS, reduced infant mortality, while traditional values encouraged early marriage and larger families
Why was there a decline in fertility in the UK1970?
-The decline in fertility in the UK during the 1970s was due to legalised contraception, social change, and shifting economic priorities
-The Pill became widely available after being introduced in the 1960s, giving women greater control over family planning
-Changing social attitudes meant that women were pursuing education and careers, delaying marriage and childbirth
Why was there another rise in fertility in the Uk during the 1980s?
-The rise in fertility rates in the 1980s was largely due to the baby boomers (born in the post-war baby boom) reaching adulthood and starting families
-while contraception and career opportunities still influenced family planning, many people who had delayed having children in the 1970s began to start families in the 1980s.
Why was there a rise in population in the UK 2000s?
-Advances in healthcare and living standards meant people were living longer, contributing to overall population growth
-immigration increased significantly, particularly from Eastern Europe after the EU expansion in 2004, bringing more people of working and childbearing age into the Uk
Where in the Uk has experienced the most population growth?
London and south east England
Where in the Uk has experienced the least population growth?
The North East of England
Why has Sunderland experienced population decline?
-Traditionally it was a major hub for ship building and coal mining thus the decline of these industries in the late 20th century led to high unemployment and outward migration (population decreased by 7.7% from 1991 to 2001)
-Despite efforts to diversify its economy Sunderland has struggled to attract high paying industries. While companies like Nissan have provided jobs the city still has a lower than average employment rate and lower wages leading to brain drain due to lack of career progression with skilled workers leaving to cities with more opportunity
-Many parts of Sunderland have experienced urban decay with ageing housing and limited infrastructure. . Some areas have experienced high vacancy rates leading to a cycle of neglect and depopulation
Why has Glasgow experienced population decline?
-Glasgow was historically a major industrial city, particularly in ship building and manufacturing however the closure of shipyards along the River Clyde and manufacturing plants led to mass unemployment with many residents leaving in search of jobs (it has experienced a 41.6% population decrease in 7 decades)
-It has experienced suburbanisation where wealthier residents moved to surrounding areas with better housing, school and amenities, As a result, places like Bearsden grew while the inner city lost its population
Why has London experienced population growth?
-London’s population reached 8.95 million in 2023, making it the UK’s fastest-growing region.
-Over 40% of London’s residents are foreign-born, with net migration adding 154,100 people in 2023. Many relocate for careers in finance, law, technology, and creative industries, reinforcing London’s status as the UK’s economic hub
-London is home to world-renowned universities such as LSE and Imperial College London, attracting thousands of international students, many of whom remain in the city after graduation.
-London has a median age of 35 years, compared to the UK average of 40, contributing to a higher birth rate and further population growth.
Why has Birmingham experienced population growth?
-Birmingham’s population increased from 1.07 million in 2011 to over 1.15 million in 2022, making it one of the fastest-growing cities outside London
-Once completed, HS2 will cut travel time to London to 52 minutes from the current 1 hour 21 minutes. The project has already attracted billions in investment, drawing businesses to the city
-Birmingham is one of the UK’s most diverse cities, with a significant migrant population. According to the 2021 Census, 5.9% of residents were born in Pakistan.
-Once the “Workshop of the World”, Birmingham’s economy has shifted from manufacturing due to deindustrialisation. Now a financial hub, it hosts major firms like HSBC, Goldman Sachs
