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Geography- Population Change > Population Change > Flashcards

Population Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is exponential rate?

A

When the population is increasing at an increasing rate

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2
Q

What is birth rate?

A

The number of babies born per 1000 people per year

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3
Q

What is death rate?

A

The number of deaths per 1000 per year

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4
Q

What is natural increase?

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate and the population grows

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5
Q

What is natural decrease?

A

When the death rate is higher than the birth rate and the population falls

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6
Q

Social impacts of population growth

A
  1. services cant cope with increase (eg healthcare) so not everyone has access to them
  2. Children have to work to support large families so miss out on education
  3. not enough houses so people forced to live in crowded communities of makeshift houses- health problems (e.g diseases from lack of clean water)
  4. food shortages is country cant grow/import enough food
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7
Q

Economic impacts of population growth

A
  1. not enough jobs for everyone so unemployment increases

2. increased poverty as more people are born into families that are already poor

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8
Q

Political impacts of population growth

A
  1. most of population are young so government focuses of policies important to them (eg education)
  2. fewer older people so government is not as focused on policies for them (eg pensions)
  3. government has to make policies to bring population growth under control so impacts dont get worse
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9
Q

What are the two strategies to help control population growth?

A

birth control programmes and immigration laws

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10
Q

What does a birth control programme include?

A

Some governments have laws as to how many children a couple can have, they also help couples plan/limit number of children (contraception and sex education) so the population wont get much bigger

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11
Q

What do immigration laws do?

A

limit the number of people that can migrate, also be selective e.g let in fewer people of child bearing age means fewer migrants having children. this slows down population growth rate

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12
Q

What is the population of China?

A

1.3 billion

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13
Q

When was china’s one child policy introduced?

A

1979

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14
Q

What were the benefits if you had one child?

A

Longer maternity leave
Better housing
Free education for the child

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15
Q

What would happen if you had more than one child?

A

There were no benefits and the couple would get fined part of their income

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16
Q

What were the exceptions and why?

A

Can have 2nd child if 1st is a girl/has a disability because more kids are needed to work on the farms. ALso, if one parent had a disability or both parents were only children then the couple could have a 2nd child as they need enough people to look after the parents

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17
Q

What was the effectiveness of the Chinese one child policy?

A

It prevented up to 400 million births

the fertility rate is 1.8 today compared with 5.7 in 1970

18
Q

What do some people think the other cause for slowed population growth was?

A

Older policies such as leaving longer gaps between children

Chinese people wanting less children as they have become more wealthy

19
Q

What is the population of Indonesia?

A

Over 240 million

20
Q

Where do most people live in Indonesia and how many people live there?

A

Java, 130 million

21
Q

What are some of the problems on densely populated islands?

A

Unemployment, poverty, housing issues

22
Q

When was the transmigration policy introduced in Indonesia?

A

In the 1960’s

23
Q

What was the aim of the transmigration policy?

A

To reduce the impacts of population growth?

24
Q

What did the policy include?

A

Moving people from densely populated islands (eg Java) to less densely populated islands (eg Sumatra)

25
Q

How was the transmigration policy unsuccessful?

A

Not all people escaped poverty as they didn’t have the skills to farm the land/the land was too poor to be farmed on the new island
Lots of people moved to land with native people there which caused conflict
The population is still not completely evenly distributed

26
Q

What causes an ageing population?

A

When there are more older than younger people because fewer people are being born and more are surviving to an older age

27
Q

What stage of the DTM does an ageing population show?

A

Stage 5

28
Q

economic problems of an ageing population

A

taxes would need to go up as pensions need to be paid, and older people need more healthcare

29
Q

social problems of an ageing population (4)

A

healthcare services stretched
working population have less leisure time as they are unpaid carers
people have fewer kids as cant afford lots when they have to look after older relatives=drop in birth rate
more older people=the lower the pension so people will have to retire later

30
Q

What are strategies to cope with an ageing population?

A

Encouraging larger families and raising the retirement age and raising taxes

31
Q

how does encouraging larger families help to cope with an ageing population?

A

increases the number of young people so there will be a larger working population to pay taxes and support ageing population.
also encouraging immigration does this

32
Q

how does raising the retirement age help to cope with an ageing population?

A

people stay in work longer and contribute to pensions for longer, and claim the state pension for less time

33
Q

how does raising taxes help to cope with an ageing population?

A

increases the amount of money available to support the ageing population

34
Q

what are immigrants?

A

people who move into an area

35
Q

what are emigrants?

A

people who leave an area

36
Q

What are push factors?

A

the things about a persons place of orgin that make them decide to move

37
Q

what are pull factors?

A

the things about a persons destination that attracts them

38
Q

4 examples of push factors

A

not being able to find a job, war, natural disasters, poor living conditions

39
Q

2 examples of pull factors

A

job opportunities, better standard of living

40
Q

Positive and negative impacts on source country

A

reduced demand on services, money sent back

labour shortage, skills shortage, ageing population as high proportion of older people left

41
Q

Positive and negative impacts on receiving country

A

increased labour force, migrant workers pay taxes
local and immigrants compete for jobs (tension/conflict) increases demand for services, not all money earned in country is spent there, some is sent back to country of origin

Geography- Population Change (1 decks)

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