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Geography > Population Change > Flashcards

Population Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of live births per 1000 people per year - e.g. 17/1000

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2
Q

Brownfield sites

A

Sites that have previously been built on but have become available for new construction due to demolition or degradation of the old building.

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3
Q

Census

A

An official registration of the number of people (and the valuation of their estate), for imposing taxes and other general statistics of the country. Usually done once every 5 years.

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4
Q

Contractive pyramid

A

Population pyramid with quite a narrow base, showing recent decline in BR. (STAGE 3 DTM)

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5
Q

Conurbation

A

One large continuous area created as a city grows, absorbing other towns.

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6
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year

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7
Q

Demographic transition

A

Changing relationship between BR, DR and total population (DTM)

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8
Q

Dependancy ratio

A

The number of young and old people who rely on the economically active.

(% of

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9
Q

Distribution of population

A

The way people are spread across an area

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10
Q

Doubling time

A

Time take for population to double.

Divide growth rate% into 70 - e.g. growth rate 3.5 = 20 yrs doubling time

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11
Q

Emigration

A

The outward movement of people that involves crossing an international boundary.

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12
Q

Expanding pyramid

A

A population pyramid with a wide base showing a high BR. (LEDCs in Stage 2 DTM)

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13
Q

Fertility

A

Number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-49 per year OR average number of children each woman will bear.

Replacement level = 2.1

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14
Q

Forced migration

A

The migrant has no choice but to migrate due to their situation.

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15
Q

Genocide

A

The deliberate and systematic killing of people who belong to the same group (racial, social etc..)

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16
Q

Gentrification

A

Unplanned changes by which a family buy and renovate properties to re-sell and make a profit. The whole area improves and moves upmarket

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17
Q

Green Belt

A

Area which surrounds a conurbation. Difficult to obtain planning permission here. Acts to stop the sprawl of conurbations.

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18
Q

Immigration

A

The inward movement of people who have crossed an international boundary

19
Q

In-migration/ out-migration

A

The movement of people between places in one country

20
Q

IMR

A

The number of deaths of children who die on or before their 1st birthday, per 1000 live births per year.

21
Q

I filling

A

The use of open space within a conurbation to build new housing/services. Often near where the Green Belt limits growth

22
Q

Internal migration

A

The movement of people within one country

23
Q

International migration

A

The movement of people across national frontiers for a minimum of one year

24
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average age to which the population lives

25
Q

Longevity

A

The increase in LE over a long period of time. Direct result of improved services and healthcare. Creates an older population

26
Q

Lorenz curve

A

Graph that compares theoretical distribution with actual distribution.

27
Q

Malnutrition

A

Lack of proper nutrition due to an unbalanced diet

28
Q

Migration

A

Term for movement of people that involves a semi-permanent or permanent change of residence

29
Q

Natural change

A

Change in population size due to the relationship between BR and DR

30
Q

Natural increase/decrease

A

Difference between numbers of births and deaths for every 100 people. Expressed as %

31
Q

Net migration

A

The difference between the number of in-migrants and out-migrants

32
Q

Optimum population

A

Population at which the quality of life of the people is the highest possible at a given level of development

33
Q

Overpopulation

A

Any increase in population reduces the average quality of life

34
Q

Population density

A

The number of people in a given area - e.g. people/km2

35
Q

Population structure

A

The breakdown of a country’s population - age and gender.

36
Q

Refugees

A

Forced migrants… In fear of persecution, war, famine etc …

37
Q

Rural-urban and urban-rural migration

A

Movement of people in/out of cities to the countryside. Urbanisation or counter-urbanisation

38
Q

Social housing

A

Rental housing which may be owned by the state (not-for-profit organisations) with the aim of providing affordable housing

39
Q

Social welfare

A

The well being of communities. Access that people have to jobs, services, healthcare, education, clean environment etc…

40
Q

Studentification

A

When large family homes are too expensive so they move and the properties and subdivided and letted to students. This can downgrade the area as the area deteriorates

41
Q

Undernutrition

A

Below the minimum level of dietary calorie consumption

42
Q

Under population

A

When an increase in population could improve the average quality of life

43
Q

Voluntary migration

A

The migrant makes the decision to move

44
Q

Ageing

A

Population in which the proportion of people over 65 is increasing.

Geography (4 decks)

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