Population Change Flashcards
Explain Stage 1 on the demographic transition model.
Total population is low but it is balanced due to high birth rates and high death rates.
Green Line = Death Rate
Red Line = Birth Rate
Black Line = Total Population
Explain Stage 2 on the demographic model.
Total population rises as death rates fall due to improvements in health care and sanitation. Birth rates remain high.
Green Line = Death Rate
Red Line = Birth Rate
Black Line = Total Population
Explain Stage 3 on the demographic transition model.
Total population is still rising rapidly. The gap between birth and death rates narrows due to the availability of contraception and fewer children being needed to work - due to the mechanisation of farming. The natural increaseis high.
Green Line = Death Rate
Red Line = Birth Rate
Black Line = Total Population
Explain Stage 4 on the demographic transition model?
Total population is high, but it is balanced by a low birth rate and a low death rate. Birth control is widely available and there is a desire for smaller families.
Green Line = Death Rate
Red Line = Birth Rate
Black Line = Total Population
Explain Stage 5 of the demographic transition model.
Total population is high but going into decline due to an ageing population. There is a continued desire for smaller families, with people opting to have children later in life.
Blue Line = Birthrate
Green Line = Death Rate
Orange Line = Total Population
What is birth rate?
Number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year.
What is death rate?
The number of deaths per 1,000 of the population per year.
What is migration?
The movement of people in an out of an area.
What is natural increase and how do you work it out?
When a population is increasing due to higher birth rate than death rate.
Birth rate - death rate = Natural Increase
What is a population pyramid?
A population pyramid, is a graph that shows the age groups and genders of an area.
What is the population change case study?
China’s One Child Policy.
When was the One Child Policy established?
1979
What were the problems in inforcing the policy?
Those who didn’t have one child didn’t recive any government support. The policy was keenly resisted in rural areas, where it was traditional to have large families. In urban areas, the policy has been enforced strictly but remote rural areas have been harder to control. Many people claim that some women, who became pregnant after they had already had a child, were forced to have an abortion and many women were forcibly sterilised.
What were the impacts of the One Child Policy?
Birth rate in China has fallen since 1979, and the rate of population growth is now 0.7 per cent. Due to a traditional preference for boys, large numbers of female babies have ended up homeless or in orphanages, and in some cases killed. In 2000, it was reported that 90 per cent of foetuses aborted in China were female. As a result, the gender balance of the Chinese population has become distorted. Today it is thought that men outnumber women by more than 60 million.
What is the main problem that China will face in the future after introducing the One Child Policy?
The falling birth rate - leading to a rise in the relative number of elderly people and fewer people of working age to support the growing number of elderly dependants - in the future China could have an ageing population.
