Population case studies Flashcards
which country do you use for case study on rapid population growth
Niger
Niger has the highest total fertility rate. What is it?
7 CHILDREN PER WOMAN
What is the main reason Niger has a high birth rate?
80% of the country is Muslim and doesnt allow contraception and some men practise polygamy
what other reasons is the BR high?
high IMR, agriculturally based so rely on children for labour, early marriage common (under16), large proportion population young and of child bearing age.
Explain 3 problems that Niger faces due to rapid population growth?
-45% live under the poverty line, the economy is the second poorest in the world
-farms become smaller as split between children so food production doesnt keep up with growth so food shortages
-Soil exhaustion and soil erosion as land is over used
-too few teachers, only attend school for 5 years and literacy rate is 19%
-healthcare poor at 2 doctors per 100 000 people
-90% of population lack access to proper sanitation and 50% lack safe drinking water
-deforestation
- not enough jobs
what is the literacy rate in Niger
19%
what is the ratio of doctors to the population
2 doctors to 100 000 people
what case study do you use for population decline
Russia
what is Russia’s birth rate
13/1000
what is its death rate
14/1000
population density of Russia
8 people per km 2
what 3 reasons is Russia’s decline due to
low birth rates, high death rates especially in men, emigration
Explain 3 reasons why birth rates so low
high female literacy, use of contraception high (70% of all married women use contraception and cost of raising children is high
why are death rates especially amongst men so high?
very high intake of alcohol, high incidence of smoking, HIV/AIDS, pollution, poverty
what is the life expectancy of men
only 66 compared to 77 for women
Which areas have suffered the greatest impact of this decline
rural areas
how many villages have been abandoned?
8500
which regions have experience the highest rural depopulation
cold northern regions
what country do you use for underpopulated?
Australia
why is it considered underpopulated?
population density of 3 per km2 and most of interior is uninhabited
More resources abailable than population to be able to exploit them
where is most of the population
south east, east and sw
what is Australia’s population
24 million
Australia-what is the IMR?
3.4 /1000
name 3 of the resources Australia is rich in?
coal, iron ore, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium which has attracted a high level of foreign investment
why is the high GNI per capita PPP in Australia attractive to migrants?
it shows the opportunities available and the relationship between resources and population/ shows high levels of income
what is the population density for Bangladesh
1128 per km 2
population of Bangladesh?
163 million
IMR Bangladesh
38/1000
What % of Bangladesh is unemployed?
40%
explain underemployment
people are working less they they would like to and need to to earn enough. This is mainly due to very small plot size in Bangladesh
how much of the population of Bangladesh live in the rural areas
4/5 or 45% work in agriculture
why is there a high level of rural poverty in Bangladesh
very small cultivatable plots
what % of the population is situated in the floodplains of the Ganges?
80%
what % of Bangladesh is regularly flooded every monsoon season
40%
where do the migrants go to when there is high flooding
Dhaka
why is it a problem if the farmers go to Dhaka when there is widespread flooding?
increasing overpopulation, not enough resources and social services- not enough clean drinking water, sanitation, housing, health etc
how much cultivable land is lost to urbanisation every yearin Bangladesh
8000 hectares
What is the dependency ratio for Japan?
68.9
what does a dependency ration of 68.9 mean
this means for every 100 workers in Japan they have to support almost 69 people
what % of Japan is elderly dependents?
28%
what is the life expectancy in Japan
81 men and 88 women
why is the birth rate declining in Japan?
rise in age when women have a child, less couples getting married
Japan’s population is also in decline what is its growth rate?
-0.19%
by 2055 what is Japan’s popualtion expected to shrink to
from 126 million to 90 miliion and elderly will then make up 41%
what problems does a much smaller proportion of young people create?
schools and colleges have to close and students have to travel further, shortage of young innovative workers, lack of recruits for the army
what does Japan have to do to help keep its place as one of the leaders in the high tech industry
increase wages, attract foreign workers
how is Japan coping with shortage in workers?
Robts increasing used, rase retirement age, encourage immigration e.g from South Korea or outsource
why is an ageing population a burden to Japan
financial burden to provide pensions, specialist health care, carehomes and infrastructure for elderly,
how many men more than women in China
32 million
what is the shortage of workers predicted for 2030 in China
140 million
how many births were prevented from the one child policy
400 million
China’s one child policy was based on carrot and stick approaches. what does this mean?
Benefits if you kept to the law such as free health, education, transport etc otherwise massive fines, losing state jobs, losing benefits, forced sterilisation and forced abortions
define population explosion
rapid pop growth
what is the optimum population?
the best balance between the population and the resources avaialble
