Population Based Screening Flashcards
1
Q
Diagnosis
A
- definitive identification of suspected disease
(Have / don’t) - by (extensive) tests
2
Q
Detection of Disease
A
1) Spontaneous presentation
2) Opportunistic case findings
3) Screening
3
Q
Define screening
A
- systematic attempt to detect unrecognised condition
- identify those at increased risk
4
Q
+ve screening test
A
= High RISK
Then diagnostic test
5
Q
Purpose of screening
A
- better outcome vs self-reporting w/ symptoms
- if treatment wait till symptoms no point
- earlier finding not primary objective
6
Q
Five areas of criteria
A
1) Condition
2) Test
3) Intervention
4) Screening programme
5) Implemetnation
7
Q
Criteria - Condition
A
- all cost-effective primary prevention have been implemented
- should understand the history of carriers of mutation due to screening
8
Q
Criteria - Test
A
- Safe, simple, precise, validated
- known & agreed cut-off lvl
- acceptable to target pop
- agreed further diagnostic intervention of +ves
- method for selection & means kept use review
9
Q
Consequences of false +ves
A
- stress, anxiety, inconvenience
- direct cost
- opportunity costs
10
Q
Consequences of false -ves
A
- inappropriate reassurance
- possible delay presentation w/ symptoms
11
Q
Sensitivity / detection rate
A
- proportion of those w/ disease who test +ve
True +ves + false -ves
12
Q
Specificity
A
- proportion those w/out disease who test -ve
False +ves + True -ves
13
Q
Positive Predicted Value (PPV)
A
- probability someone who tests +ve has the disease
- influenced by disease prevalence
True +ves + false -ves
14
Q
Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
A
- proportion those test -ve who don’t have disease
False -ves + true -ves
15
Q
Criteria - Intervention
A
- effective intervention those identified
- needs evidence intervention at pre-symptomatic phase –> better outcomes
