Population and the Environment - (Population change in Bangladesh 🇧🇩) Flashcards
What is the current population of Bangladesh (2025) and its global rank?
Bangladesh has a population of 165 million and is the 8th most populous country in the world.
What is Bangladesh’s projected population by 2050?
202 million by 2050.
What is the current annual population growth rate in Bangladesh?
1.05%, though it is slowing.
Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is Bangladesh moving into?
Transitioning from Stage 2 to Stage 3.
What is Bangladesh’s current birth rate?
19 per 1,000 people.
What is the current death rate in Bangladesh?
5.3 per 1,000 people.
What is the total fertility rate (TFR) in Bangladesh?
2.2 children per woman.
How has Bangladesh’s fertility rate changed since 1970?
It fell from 7.0 (1970) to 2.2, due to better healthcare and education.
What percentage of Bangladesh’s population is under 30?
58% are under 30 years old.
What trend is seen in the population pyramid’s base?
The base is narrowing, with 1.6 million fewer children under 10 than those aged 10–19.
What is the population density of Bangladesh?
1,238 people per km².
What is the population density of Dhaka?
Over 40,000 people per km², one of the highest in the world.
What type of climate and landscape does Bangladesh have?
A low-lying, flat country with a hot, wet climate and frequent river flooding.
How does flooding benefit agriculture in Bangladesh?
It makes soils fertile, ideal for rice farming.
Why are people migrating to urban areas like Dhaka?
Due to environmental stress, e.g. sea level rise, flooding, and saltwater intrusion.
What percentage of land in Bangladesh is used for farming?
70%, limiting agricultural expansion.
Why were fertility rates high in the 1970s?
Early marriage, low female education, and high infant mortality.
What factors led to the decline in fertility?
Contraceptive use increased to over 60% by 2014.
Infant mortality fell from 150 to 32 per 1,000 (1970–2014).
Better female education delayed marriage and childbearing.
Why is Bangladesh’s population still growing despite low fertility?
Longer life expectancy (73.2 years vs. 47.5 in 1970).
Large population in childbearing age.
What is the net migration rate in Bangladesh?
-3.1 per 1,000 – more people leave than enter.
Where do most Bangladeshi migrants go?
Arab Gulf States as short-term economic migrants.
What are slums like in Dhaka?
Overcrowded, poor-quality housing, lacking services like clean water and electricity.
How many people live in Dhaka’s largest slum (Korail)?
Around 200,000 residents.
How has population growth affected sanitation?
Only one-third of urban residents have piped water; only 18% of Dhaka is served by a sewer system.
How has food security changed over time?
Improving – stunted children fell from 55% (1997) to 36% (2014).
What is the projected percentage of over-60s by 2050?
19%, up from 5% in 2000.
How much does Bangladesh receive in remittances per month?
Around $1 billion.
What is happening to Bangladesh’s dependency ratio?
It is falling, creating potential for a demographic dividend.
What challenge is posed by migration of skilled workers?
Shortages of professionals, e.g. doctors and engineers.
What percentage of Bangladesh is forested?
Only 11% – due to deforestation for agriculture and housing.
What environmental issues result from intensified farming?
Increased use of fertilisers and pesticides, leading to water pollution.
What is a major urban environmental issue in Dhaka?
Air pollution – PM2.5 levels are over 8x higher than recommended.
How many deaths were linked to air pollution in 2015?
Over 120,000 deaths from PM2.5 exposure.
