Population and the environment.

Question 1

Negative impacts of increased resource consumption on the environment:

Answer 1

-Climate change and resulting increases in extremes of temperature, floods, drought, and sea-level rise.
-Pollution of water and land as well as atmospheric pollution on a regional scale, such as acid rain.
-Ozone depletion
-Depletion of finite resources
-Damage to wildlife and their habitats leading to increased extinction rates and consequent threats to species interdependence.

Question 1

How climate effects food production:

Answer 1

Rainfall, temperature, wind velocity and levels of solar insolation, all determine levels of food productivity.
Many crops need specific temperatures to thrive. High concentrations of population are determined by adequate rainfall and temperatures that are suitable for the growth of crops and rearing of livestock, with sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 2

How climate effects the level/ nature of diseases:

Answer 2

Tropical diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and Ebola will directly affect death rates and life expectancy in the human population.

Question 3

How climate effects fertility rates in tropical areas:

Answer 3

High infant/child mortality rates in tropical and subtropical areas can also influence fertility rates as families seek to compensate for their loss.

Question 4

Fertility in soil:

Answer 4

The most important feature of soil is fertility. This depends upon soil structure, texture, acidity, organic matter and nutrients.

Question 5

How soils effect agricultural output:

Answer 5

Fertility aspects determine agricultural outputs/ the type of farming system used. Fertility can be maintained with artificial chemical fertilisers in areas of high population but this isn’t the most sustainable- water pollution, eutrophication and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Areas with fertile soils are associated with high population density.

Question 6

What soils may negatively effect the population?

Answer 6

Rich volcanic or alluvial soils are prone to hazards.

Question 7

Main uses of water supply:

Answer 7

Human hydration, maintaining food production, hygiene and sanitation.

Question 8

How does water supply effect population in Egypt?

Answer 8

95% of its population of 80 million live within 12 miles of the River Nile.

Question 9

Population density meaning:

Answer 9

The average number of people living in a specified area is usually expressed as the number of people per km squared.

Question 10

What is the Neolithic Agrarian Revolution?

Answer 10

This marked the transition in human history from small, nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early civilisation.

Question 11

When was the Neolithic Agrarian Revolution?

Answer 11

10,000 BC

Question 12

What is the industrial revolution?

Answer 12

The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanised manufacturing, and the factory system.

Question 13

When was the industrial revolution?

Answer 13

18th and 19th centuries.

Question 14

How did the industrial and Neolithic Agrarian Revolutions affect population development?

Answer 14

These sparked technological developments that enabled specific areas (and Earth) to support a larger human population. Negative impact on the environment.

Question 15

Agriculture meaning:

Answer 15

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, and other products.

Question 16

Climate meaning-

Answer 16

A region’s long-term weather patterns.

Question 17

Food security meaning-

Answer 17

Food security exists when all people at all time have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy, active life.

Question 18

Salinisation meaning-

Answer 18

The build-up of salts in the soil, eventually to toxic levels for plants.

Question 19

Topography meaning:

Answer 19

The relief and drainage of an area.

Question 20

Zonal soil meaning:

Answer 20

A soil which has experienced the maximum effect of climate and natural vegetation upon the parent rock, assuming there are no extremes of weathering, relief or drainage.

Question 21

In the 1960s what was the global food supply per person in calories?

Answer 21

2,300 per day- very unevenly distributed.
HICs- 3,030 per day
LICs- below 2,000.
Probably more than half of the people in these LICs suffered from undernutrition.

Question 22

By 2010 what was the global food supply per person in calories?

Answer 22

The world could provide enough food to provide every person with more than 2,800 calories per day.
Availability was so uneven that 800 million people still suffered from undernutrition.

Question 23

What led to the gain in food production?

Answer 23

-The package of technologies referred to as the green revolution, including increased use of new, high-yielding crop varieties and technologies.
-An increased reliance on global trade. During the 1970s alone, net imports of cereals by low-income countries more than tripled- from 20 million to 67 million tonnes.

Question 24

Food security depends on:

Answer 24

Food availability.
Food access.
Food use.
Food stability.