Population and Settlement Flashcards
1
Q
reasons for the rapid increase in the world’s population
A
- improved medical care
- improved sanitation and water supply
- improved food production
- improved transport
- decrease in child mortality
2
Q
what is underpopulation?
A
when a country has such a small populaton, it cannot support itself economically
3
Q
what is overpopulation?
A
too large a population, putting strain on resources
4
Q
consequences of underpopulation
A
- shortage of workers
- less paying taxes
- facilities close due to low customers
- less innovation
- small army so low protection
5
Q
consequences of overpopulation
A
- unemployment
- shortage of facilities
- traffic congestion
- inflation
- noise, air, and water pollution
6
Q
causes of overpopulation
A
- baby boom
- birth rate higher than death rate
- special healthcare for elderly
7
Q
causes of underpopulation
A
- birth rate lower than death rate
- women work later before having children
- hard for elderly to live as long with no healthcare
8
Q
factors of population size
A
birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, migration
9
Q
why there are low birth rates in medcs
A
- contraception available
- traditionally small families
- expensive to have kids
- low infant mortality
- working women
- education in family planning
10
Q
why are there high death rates in ledcs
A
- poor healthcare
- poor sanitation
- limited food supply
- HIV/AIDS
- natural disasters
- lack of medicene
11
Q
effects of HIV
A
- most occurs in women
- is passed down to children through childbirth
- death of mothers means more orphans
- lack of money so less education and funding
12
Q
origins of HIV 1
A
Central Africa
13
Q
origins of HIV 2
A
West Africa
14
Q
anti natalist policy in china achievements
A
- birth rate fell from 31 to 19 in 20 years
- fertility rate to 1.7
- reduced severity of impacts of overpopulation
15
Q
punishments for having multiple children in china
A
- no benefits
- heavily fined
- forced abortions on second child
- sterlisation of repeat offenders
16
Q
those who have just one child in china
A
- free education
- priority housing
- family benefits
17
Q
exceptions to have multiple children
A
- 2nd child if first is handicapped
- farmers allowed if 1st child is female
- in rural areas 2 children in exhange for money
- policy didnt apply to 56 ethnic minority groups
