Population And Migration Flashcards
Agricultural revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Crude birth rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society
Crude death rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society
Demographic transition
The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high CBR and CDR
Dependency ratio
The number of people under the age of 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The portion of earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiological transition
Distinctive causes if death in each stage if the demographic transition
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, ad control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time
Industrial revolution
A series of improvement in industrial technology that transformed the process if manufacturing goods
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
The total number if deaths I. A year among infants under 1 year old for every 1000 live births in a society
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions
Medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa
Natural increase rate (NIR)
Percentage growth of a population in a year
CBR-CDR
Overpopulation
Number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Physiological density
The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
Population pyramid
A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number if children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Zero population growth
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
Cold lands
Land near the North and South poles is perpetually covered with ice or the ground is permanently frozen (permafrost)
Dry lands
Areas too dry for farming cover approximately 20% of earth’ slabs surface
East Asia
Bordering the Pacific Ocean, includes eastern china, the islands of japan, Korea, and Taiwan: 1/4 people live here
Europe
3rd largest population cluster, 1/9 of world’s people: includes 4 dozen countries
High lands
Few people live. Highest mountains in the world are steep, snow covered, and sparsely settled
Southeast Asia
3rd important Asian population and world’s 4th largest. Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines
South Asia
1/4 of the world’s largest people. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the island of Sri Lanka
Wet lands
Receive very high levels of precipitation and may also be inhospitable for human occupation
