Population and Labour Force

Question 1

What are the four factors that affect the size of the population

Answer 1

Birth rate
Death rate
Immigration
Emigration

Question 2

What is it called when the population of a country is counted

Answer 2

Census

Question 3

What are the 2 instances when a population is growing

Answer 3

Birth rate is higher than death rate
More people immigrate into the country

Question 4

What are the 2 instances when a population is decreasing

Answer 4

Death rate is higher than birth rate
More people emigrate to another country

Question 5

What is the calculation used to determine whether or not the population has grown

Answer 5

(Birth rate + Immigration) - (Death Rate + emigration)

Question 6

What are the four characteristics of population growth rate

Answer 6

Rate at which the size of the population increases over time
Could be positive or negative
Important for governments, businesses and organisations to have an idea of growth rate
Indicator of changing needs of the population i.e. need to know financial burden of providing infrastructure and how many jobs should be generated

Question 7

What is Natural Growth rate

Answer 7

The difference between birth rate and death rate during a year

Question 8

What is Fertility rate

Answer 8

Indicates how rapidly a population is increasing
Average number of children born alive to a woman in her child bearing years

Question 9

What is life expectancy rate

Answer 9

Number of years an infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout their life

Question 10

What is the demographic cycle

Answer 10

Refers to the evolution over time of the population profile of a region

Question 11

What is phase 1 of the demographic cycle

Answer 11

Birth rate and death rate is high
No birth control
Community is poor and medical facilities and care is absent
Average age is low
Young population
Natural growth is low

Question 12

What is phase 2 of the demographic cycle

Answer 12

Birth control and family planning is not practiced - birth rate is high
Living conditions improve
Death of babies and mothers decrease
People live to an older age
Natural growth rate is higher than first phase
Average age of population increases

Question 13

What is part 1 of phase 3 of the demographic cycle

Answer 13

Income and standard of living increase for a large part of the population
Results in social development - Families accept new values - decrease in births
Death rate decreases at a faster rate and ensures a high natural growth rate

Question 14

What is part 2 of phase 3 of the demographic cycle

Answer 14

Birth rate decreases more rapidly than the natural death rate and the natural growth rate starts to decrease

Question 15

What is phase 4 of the demographic cycle

Answer 15

Birth rate decreases rapidly
People realise that their standard of living can increase if they have fewer children
Family planning is accepted by a greater number of families - Natural growth declines
Medical care and services become affordable - death rate declines

Question 16

What is phase 5 of the demographic cycle

Answer 16

Natural growth rate is low and starts to level out
Birth rate and death rate is low
Average age of the population increases - known as old populations i.e. some European countries

Question 17

What are projected growth rates used for

Answer 17

Monitor change in population growth rate
Gauge future demand for resources, energy and services
Gives an idea of composition of labour force
Gives an idea of the size of future school age population - allows govt. to plan to meet the demand for housing and education etc

Question 18

What is the migration formula

Answer 18

Immigration - Emigration

Question 19

What are the 5 reasons people move to other areas

Answer 19

Better living conditions
Access to health care
Access to good education
Better employment opportunities
Higher wages

Question 20

What is forced migration

Answer 20

Movement of refugees and internally displaced people

Question 21

What are the 4 reasons for forced migration

Answer 21

Wars
Natural or environmental disasters
Chemical or nuclear disasters
Famine etc

Question 22

What is immigration

Answer 22

When people enter a country to settle themselves permanently

Question 23

What is Emigration and why is it harmful

Answer 23

When people leave a country to settle permanently in another country
Harmful because it creates a skill shortage

Question 24

What is labour force

Answer 24

People who take part in the country’s production and exchange activities

Question 25

What are the 3 groups that are not part of the labour force

Answer 25

Children and senior citizens (0 - 14 and 64+)
People who cannot work (Disabled)
People who prefer not to work (Homemakers)

Question 26

Describe the term “Economically Active Population”

Answer 26

People between the ages of 15-64 who present their labour for the production of goods and services in return for remuneration

Question 27

Describe the term “ Labour Force participation rate”

Answer 27

The rate to determine which part of the population is economically active

Question 28

What is the labour force participation rate calculation

Answer 28

Labour Force / Population x 100