Population and Labour Force Flashcards
What are the four factors that affect the size of the population
Birth rate
Death rate
Immigration
Emigration
What is it called when the population of a country is counted
Census
What are the 2 instances when a population is growing
Birth rate is higher than death rate
More people immigrate into the country
What are the 2 instances when a population is decreasing
Death rate is higher than birth rate
More people emigrate to another country
What is the calculation used to determine whether or not the population has grown
(Birth rate + Immigration) - (Death Rate + emigration)
What are the four characteristics of population growth rate
Rate at which the size of the population increases over time
Could be positive or negative
Important for governments, businesses and organisations to have an idea of growth rate
Indicator of changing needs of the population i.e. need to know financial burden of providing infrastructure and how many jobs should be generated
What is Natural Growth rate
The difference between birth rate and death rate during a year
What is Fertility rate
Indicates how rapidly a population is increasing
Average number of children born alive to a woman in her child bearing years
What is life expectancy rate
Number of years an infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout their life
What is the demographic cycle
Refers to the evolution over time of the population profile of a region
What is phase 1 of the demographic cycle
Birth rate and death rate is high
No birth control
Community is poor and medical facilities and care is absent
Average age is low
Young population
Natural growth is low
What is phase 2 of the demographic cycle
Birth control and family planning is not practiced - birth rate is high
Living conditions improve
Death of babies and mothers decrease
People live to an older age
Natural growth rate is higher than first phase
Average age of population increases
What is part 1 of phase 3 of the demographic cycle
Income and standard of living increase for a large part of the population
Results in social development - Families accept new values - decrease in births
Death rate decreases at a faster rate and ensures a high natural growth rate
What is part 2 of phase 3 of the demographic cycle
Birth rate decreases more rapidly than the natural death rate and the natural growth rate starts to decrease
What is phase 4 of the demographic cycle
Birth rate decreases rapidly
People realise that their standard of living can increase if they have fewer children
Family planning is accepted by a greater number of families - Natural growth declines
Medical care and services become affordable - death rate declines
What is phase 5 of the demographic cycle
Natural growth rate is low and starts to level out
Birth rate and death rate is low
Average age of the population increases - known as old populations i.e. some European countries
What are projected growth rates used for
Monitor change in population growth rate
Gauge future demand for resources, energy and services
Gives an idea of composition of labour force
Gives an idea of the size of future school age population - allows govt. to plan to meet the demand for housing and education etc
What is the migration formula
Immigration - Emigration
What are the 5 reasons people move to other areas
Better living conditions
Access to health care
Access to good education
Better employment opportunities
Higher wages
What is forced migration
Movement of refugees and internally displaced people
What are the 4 reasons for forced migration
Wars
Natural or environmental disasters
Chemical or nuclear disasters
Famine etc
What is immigration
When people enter a country to settle themselves permanently
What is Emigration and why is it harmful
When people leave a country to settle permanently in another country
Harmful because it creates a skill shortage
What is labour force
People who take part in the country’s production and exchange activities
What are the 3 groups that are not part of the labour force
Children and senior citizens (0 - 14 and 64+)
People who cannot work (Disabled)
People who prefer not to work (Homemakers)
Describe the term “Economically Active Population”
People between the ages of 15-64 who present their labour for the production of goods and services in return for remuneration
Describe the term “ Labour Force participation rate”
The rate to determine which part of the population is economically active
What is the labour force participation rate calculation
Labour Force / Population x 100
