population and environment Flashcards
Biosphere
The biological component of Earth systems, the part where life exists
also know as Ecosphere
Biotic potential
Number of births controlled by the natural reproductive potential of the species and survival rates of offspring.
Carrying capacity
A calculation of how large a population any given environment can support
Density dependent
There are limiting factors which restrict population growth, factors caused by the size of the population
Density independent
Factors not associated with size of population but restrict growth
Ecological footprint
A measure of demand placed by humans on Earth’s natural ecosystems, the total area of productive land and water required to produce the resources a population consumes
Environmental resistance
Death rates controlled by environmental factors that prevent survival
Global hectares (gha)
the total biologically productive area of Earths natural systems available to provide food, water, energy and other resources that we use as humans and to absorb the waste
Over population
Too many people for the available resources
Optimum population
An ideal balance between population and resources
Overshoot
A point when a populations consumption of resource exceeds the long term capacity of the environment to regenerate the resources being consumed
Total productive bio-capacity
A unit of measurement which represents the average productivity of all biologically productive areas on Earth in a given year
Under population
Too few people to use the available resources effectively
Permanent migration
Permanent change of residence
Temporary migration
people cross state boundaries and stay in bait state for minimum length of time
Economic migrant
Daily movements to and from home
Seasonal movements for agriculture
International migrants
Refugee
Forced to leave country in order to escape war, prosecution, natural disaster
Step migration
migrating in a series of shorter movements from place of origin to destination
International migration
Person who travels from one country or area to another to improve their standard of living
Asylum seeker
left home country as political refugee seeking asylum in another
Forced migration
follows natural disaster, persecution, war
could be result of gradual deterioration of economic opportunities
Voluntary migration
current circumstances and hope of better standard of living possible elsewhere
Dhaka, Bangladesh
more than 44,500 per km2
between 2000-2013 India has experienced
-BR 21 to 20 per 1000
-FR 3 to 2 births per woman
-life expectancy 62 to 66 by 2014
ability to control diseases
-penicillin 1948
-sanitation late 1800s
-antibacterial products 1950s
-mosquito nets 1970s
-antiretroviral drugs 1990s
Egypt
pop density unraveled distributed due to access to Nile
densely populated areas related to water supply or resource distribution.
-ganges valley india
-eastern china
-SE asia
-NW europe
areas of pop sparsity in 2020 correlated with
-deserts
-continental interiors
-coke temps in siberia and canadian shield
climate effects on pop
- Mauritania W Africa
-pop density 3.36 pr km2
-90% desert
soils on pop
-Greenland
-pop density 0.03 per km2
-ice/permafrost
topography on pop
- Bhutan E Himalayan Mountains
-16.52 per km2
resource distribution on pop.
-Namibia S Africa
-2.56 per km2
-desert
population 2023 and expectation
-8 billion
-projected to reach 9.7B by 2050
Asia
-60% of worlds pop
-india and china have most