Population and Energy Flow Flashcards
How can you determine if an animal in a food web is part of multiple levels?
If that animal has arrows from two different levels pointing to it.
For example:
The duck has an arrow from bullrush and the snail therefore it is a first level and a second level
Symbiosis
The interaction between two organisms from different species.
There are three types of symbiosis: Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism.
The four limiting factors we discussed in class
Food
Water
Shelter
Climate
(the same as the necessities of life)
Consumer
An organism that gets its energy by eating/consuming other organisms
What defense mechanism is represented by the picture?
Mimicry
The four factors that can change a population size.
Birth Rate - makes it increase
Immigration - makes it increase
Death Rate - makes it decrease
Emigration - makes it decrease
cooperation vs symbiosis
copperation is two or more organisms of the same species. Symbiosis is between two different species
Population
All of the organisms of one species in one specific area
For xample the population of squirrels in Severna Park vs the population in Norfolk, VA
Predator
An animal that hunts adn kills another animal for food.
Chemical Energy
The energy store in the bonds of a chemical compound.
For example - the energy stored in food.
Amount of energy that is transferred from one level of the energy period to the next.
10% of the level below
Prey
an animals that is hunted adn killed for food
Scavenger
Animals that eat dead animals that have been killed by another animal
What defense mechanism is represented by the picture?
False Coloring
example of mutualism
tick bird and gazelle
cleaner fish and a moray eel
bee and flower
The main categories found in the energy pyramid
Producers (bottom ofpyramid)
Consumers (1st level, 2nd level, etc)
decomposers ( on the outside)
Direction of arrows in a food web
The arrows always go from the organism being eaten to the organism doing the eating
for example:
berries —-> deer
Energy Pyramid
a model that shows the amount of energy is available for each feeding level in an ecosystem.
Limiting Factor
An environmental factor that causes a species population to stop growing or decrease in size.
Producer
An organism that captures energy adn stores it as chemical energy in food
How do predator and prey populations affect each other?
The populations follow one another. So if the prey population increases the predator population will increase making the prey population decrease which makes the predator population decrease and so on.
example of commensalism
orchid and tree
remora and shark
clownfish and anemome
Food Web
A complex model that shows the feeding relationship between many different producers and consumers
What defense mechanism is represented by the picture?
Protective Covering
decomposer
organisms that break down dead plant adn animal matter into simpler compounds
Carrying Capacity
The maximum number of organisms of one species an ecosystem can support.
*note this is different for each individual speacies.
Parasitism
An interaction where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
example of parasitism
tick and dog
strangler fig and tree
leech on person
What defense mechanism is represented by the picture?
Warning Colors
Immigration
Moving into a new population
competition
When two or more organisms fight over resources
Emigration
moving out of a population
Mutualism
An interaction where both organisms involved benefit.
How Carrying Capacity plays a role in determining population size.
Carrying capacity is going to determine the maximum number of organisms that can live there soif a population goes above the carrying capacity it will start to decline.
Scavenger vs predator
A predator actively kills and eats the prey, while a scavenger eats the leftovers of the dead prey
Commensalism
An interaction where one of the organisms benefits, but the other does not benefit but also is not harmed.
Cooperation
When two or more organisms of the same species work together to get resources
What defense mechanism is represented by the picture?
Camouflage
