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Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

why is the world’s population growing so rapidly

A
  • decreasing death rate (better health care)
  • increasing birth rate
  • large families are seen as security and an economic asset
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2
Q

Major influences on population density and distribution

A

climate, landforms, topography, soil energy, accessibility, jobs, rivers, culture, government policies

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3
Q

Examine a case study of a country sparsely populated

A

Canada
-Large in size, short summers, only air transport, cold, not many jobs, permafrost, not very inhabitable, inability to grow crops

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4
Q

Examine a case study of a country densely populated

A

North east US

  • New York is a global city, greatest financial city (lots of jobs)
  • states are near coast, nice views, trade, jobs
  • Fertile land
  • nice climate
  • tourism and famous states
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5
Q

Over population

A

When there aren’t enough resources for the inhabitants in an area E.g Bangladesh

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6
Q

Under population

A

When there are more resources than inhabitants in an are E.g Canada

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7
Q

Case study for an overpopulated country

A

Bangladesh
-results in overcrowded areas with traffic congestion, burning of fossil fuels, air pollution, not enough resources and food for everyone, housing shortages, deforestation, lack of jobs, lots of homeless people, people under poverty line, diseases

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8
Q

Case study for an underpopulated country

A

Canada
-labour shortage, services close down as there aren’t enough customers. less innovation and development, difficulty defending the country
Solutions:
-relaxing immigrant policies, allow pensioners to continue working

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9
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average age a person can be expected to live to in a particular area (indicator of health in an area)

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10
Q

Demography transition model

A

Attempts to show how population changes as a country develops, natural increase or decrease

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11
Q

Population pyramids

A
  • Rapid growth (Philippines)
  • Slow growth (USA)
  • Negative growth (Germany)
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12
Q

Population problems in LEDCs

A
  • rapid population growth, countries like Bangladesh and China have high populations already and even limit couples to one child
  • by having lots of children, they are creating a high dependency ratio
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13
Q

Case study of youthful population structure

A

Gambia

  • large proportion of population is under 18, large families are seen as security and families rely on farming income
  • stigma and cost of contraception links to religious background (95% are muslim)
  • higher death rates and low life expectancy
  • problems: schools are overcrowded, families lack resources, bad sanitation, limited resources, widespread deforestation for fuel and housing
  • benefits: in future will have a high working population, new businesses, good for the economy
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14
Q

Ageing population problems in MEDCs

A

Japan

  • normally an ageing population, they don’t work and they have to be provided with pensions, medical care and social support, this removes them from more productive jobs within the economy
  • in future there will not be a lot of working class people (20-40)
  • low birth rate
  • but people in Japan do work till an old age so they still contribute to society
  • but pensions in Japan are low and 20% under the poverty line, elderly homeless
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15
Q

How Japan’s population can be managed

A

-increase birth rate, reforms, encourage immigration, offer part time jobs for elderly, encourage having more children; parents can receive 8 weeks paid leave from work, shorter working hours, more time off

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16
Q

Case study: Impact of HIV and AIDS

A

Botswana

  • 2nd highest rate of HIV
  • only 18% of Botswana married as some men are polygamous
  • lack of doctors and nurses
  • poverty led young women to become prostitutes which increased the spread
  • many people can get it
  • life expectancy decreasing
  • most affected group is within working class which effects economy
  • children have become orphans because their parents died from it
  • some children live with the disease as they contract it in utero
  • solutions: condoms distributed, government awareness, routine testing, some companies provide free health care
17
Q

Case study: Managing population growth

A

China’s one child policy

  • families only allowed one child, started it due to widespread famine, punishment for not following the policy
  • impact: birth rate has fallen however many human right activists have rallies against it
  • due to preference for boys, many female babies have ended up homeless or in orphanages and some killed
  • gender balance has become distorted; more men than women
  • fewer people of working age
18
Q

Migration

A

Is the movement of people from one place to another

19
Q

Internal migration

A

Moving within a country

20
Q

International migration

A

Moving from one country to another

21
Q

Voluntary migration

A

You chose to move

22
Q

Forced migration

A

Forced to move due to war, famine, natural disasters, etc

23
Q

Permanent migration

A

No intention of going back

24
Q

Temporary migration

A

Moving for a short amount of time

25
Q

Rural to Urban migration

A

From countryside to city

26
Q

Urban to Rural

A

From city to countryside

27
Q

Push factors

A

Those that force a person to move (drought, famine, lack of jobs, over population, civil war or natural disasters)

28
Q

Pull factors

A

Those which encourage a person to move (better jobs, better life, education)

29
Q

Advantages of migration

A

-source of labour, sustains local economy, meet new people, cultural exchange

30
Q

Disadvantages of migration

A

-unemployment, strain on resources or housing, racial tension, high cost of living

31
Q

Case study for international migration

A

Mexico to US

  • push factors: high crime rates, unemployment, bad climate, poverty
  • pull factors: better quality of life, communities make it easier for immigrants, higher literacy rate
  • impacts: racial tension, new traditions, Spanish taught in schools now, lots of young people leave
32
Q

Case studies

A
  • Growth of world population
  • Population density/ distribution (Canada)
  • Over/under population (Bangladesh/Canada)
  • Changing population structure (Japan for declining population/ Gambia for growing)
  • Dependent populations (Ageing: Japan, Youthful: Gambia)
  • Population control (China one child policy)
  • Impact of HIV/AIDS (Botswana)
  • Migration (Mexico to US)

Geography (4 decks)

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