Population Flashcards
Niger SK
-Pop: 23 million
- Fertility rate 7.1
-Birth rate: 47 per 1000
Death rate: 13 per 1000
-3.4 percent increase in pop growth
Causes of pop growth (Niger)
- Improvements in healthcare
- -> decrease in infant mortality rate
- -> fertility rate of 7.1
- Culturally normal to have many children (the more children the better the man)
- 5 percent use contraception
- Pop growth of 3.4 percent a year
Consequences of pop growth (Niger)
- Half of pop under 15: small labor force and high dependent pop
- -> bad for economy
- Harder to find job and increase in poverty
Solutions of pop growth (Niger)
- Recommendations to pastors to educate people about contraception instead of opposing to it
- Family planning increase from 5% to 20%
- Increase min. age of marriage from 15 to 18
Uganda SK
- Uganda is located in East Africa
- land area of 197,100 km2
- population of 42 million.
- World’s youngest population with over 78% of its population below the age of 30.
Causes of high dependant population (Uganda)
- The birth rate in Uganda is very high (37)
- Parents have more children to use as economic producers / help in their jobs (agriculture)
- infant mortality rate in Uganda is high (45.1 in 2012) so parents have more just in case.
- lack of contraception that helps protect against pregnancy.
Consequences of high dependant population (Uganda)
- lot of money has to be spent on healthcare as there are more births, more vaccinations used and children being ill.
- The GDP will increase as there would be a larger workforce in the long term and no laws on child labour
- -more money spent on education (more kids)
Consequences of underpopulation (Australia)
- Shortage of food and its production;
- Shortage of labour
- Not possible to exploit all the resources in the country;
- Fewer people paying tax;
- Schools and hospitals might close because there are not enough people supporting them;
- Public transport links might be closed because there are not enough customers;
- Hard to defend the country.
Australia SK
- Density: 3
- Size: 7.69 million
- 7th most underpopulated
- Population lives near coasts
Causes for underpopulation (Australia)
- Most of the island is made up of a desert, with a -maximum temperature of 48.8 °C (not all people are suitable for this kind of weather)
- Not many people have migrated to Australia since independence in 1901. (far away from everywhere)
Solutions to underpopulation (Australia)
- Easier for migrants to come into the country and get nationality.
- Improved healthcare.
Causes of low rate of pop growth (Japan)
- Japan has a good healthcare provision leading to people living longer.
- Women are marrying later causing lower birth rates.
- It is very expensive to bring up children in Japan (e.g. university fees).
Japan (low pop growth) SK
- Japan has the largest proportion of over 65s of any other country (23%)
- expected to rise to 30% by 2030.
Causes of varied pop densities (Japan)
Low: Northern Jap Alps
- 66% mountainous: not flat land for farming
- Thin, infertile soil
High: Tokyo (4750 per km2)
- 50% in areas around Tokyo
- Flat land: easy to build infrastructure
- Coast–> import of raw materials, fishing industry (fish market)
Japan (densely pop) SK
- Pop: 127 million
- density: 340
- Tokyo density (4750)
Solutions of low rate of pop growth (Japan)
- providing tax incentives to families and providing more childcare facilities.
- promotion on social and cultural change to make motherhoods more attractive.
- Labour shortage could be solved by migrant workers.
- Japan is investing heavily in robotics to solve its labour shortages.
Consequences of low rate of pop growth (Japan)
- Difficult to fund people’s pensions.
- Healthcare provision is becoming stressed to the amount of elderly people.
- Will not be enough working population to fill all the jobs available.
Consequences of varied pop densities (Japan)
- Lack of jobs in areas due to the dense population.
- Some people are forced to move out of their city
Nigeria SK
- Pop: 220 million
- Density: 220
- 15 percent of Africa in Nigeria (3 percent of Africa’s land area)
Causes of overpopulation (Nigeria)
- Poverty: 60 percent of population earns less than 1 dollar a day –> build large families for financial support
- Lack of education: don’t use contraception
-Lack of resources: 15 percent of Africa in Nigeria (3 percent of Africa’s land area)
Consequences of overpopulation (Nigeria)
- Elevated Crime rate (Lagos): people fight for resources to survive –> increased rate of robbery and theft (273 civilian deaths and 84 policemen)
- Starvation, malnutrition, famine: rural areas so underdeveloped that malnutrition is constant issue for 70 percent of rural pop –> pressure on environ. lead to decrease in subsistence and export farming
- Lack of adequate water
- Increase in pollution
- Increase power of epidemics
Solutions of overpopulation (Nigeria)
- Education: pop creates more resources
- Benefits to couples with less children
- Social marketing
- Family planning: contraception
