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Geography AS > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Dependency ratio formula

A

(Population 0-19) + (population over 60)
________________________________

Population 20-59

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2
Q

Juvenility index

A

Population 0-19
______________________

Population 20&Over

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3
Q

Old-age index

A

Population 60 and over
______________________

Population 20-59

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4
Q

Briefly describe the trend of world population change over the last 200 years.

A

Since 1800 increased by 6-fold.

1.1 billion to 6.1 billion

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5
Q

Will this trend continue to 2050?

A

Yes - 9 billion by 2050

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6
Q

How do countries collect data about their populations?

A

In the form of a census

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7
Q

List three types of information typically collected

A

Employment characteristics, ethnicity and educational attainment

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8
Q

What are the potential problems of census data collection?

A

Infringement of privacy

Some forms aren’t returned

Political conditions of certain countries make it difficult to complete

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9
Q

How to governments make use of the resulting population data?

A

To provide a basis for the allocation of resources to services

Measure population change and who’s in what area

Gives a snapshot of diversity

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10
Q

How might businesses and other forms of commerce make use of the resulting population data?

A

Enables targeted marketing (e.g. Putting more prepared foods in areas where there are a greater number of single adults)

Insurance industry can assess risk more easily

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11
Q

Define birth rate

A

Measures an areas fertility.

Number of live births per 1,000 people in one year

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12
Q

Define death rate

A

Number of deaths per 1,000 people in one year

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13
Q

How to BR and DR combine to determine natural pop. change?

A

If birth rate exceeds the death rate, population will increase. And vice versa!

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14
Q

What is the net migration rate?

A

The difference between the numbers of in-migrants and out-migrants

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15
Q

Define fertility rate?

A

Number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 in 1 year.

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16
Q

What fertility rate is required to maintain a steady population growth?

A
  1. 1

2. 12

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17
Q

Define infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths of children under age of 1 per 1,000 live births per year.

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18
Q

Define life expectancy

A

The length of time someone is expected to live for.

19
Q

Define population density

A

The number of people who live in an area.

Divide the total population by total area of the region.

20
Q

Example of countries with high birth rate

A

Mali and Yemen

21
Q

Example of counties with low birth rate

A

Bulgaria and U.K.

22
Q

Why might countries with high death rates or high infant mortality rates also have high birth rates?

A

A study of sub-Saharan Africa concluded women must have, on average, 8/9 children to be 95% certain of a surviving adult son.

23
Q

How might local tradition affect fertility?

A

In many parts of the world, tradition demands high rate of rep production. Intense cultural expectations may override the wishes of a women.

24
Q

Does adherence to religious doctrine act to increase of decrease fertility? Why?

A

Increase fertility. Islam and Roman Catholic Church oppose artificial birth control.

However, example such as Italy have shown this isn’t always adhered to.

25
Q

What impact does education have on fertility?

A

Education comes with knowledge of birth control and more opportunities in employment. Therefore increased female literacy will control birth rate and youth pregnancies.

26
Q

Economic factors are important in determining fertility. How does this contrast between less and more developed countries?

A

Less developed: children are an economic asset. More producers than consumers.

More developed: the other way around. Education is expensive the longer you stay in it. In Eastern Europe slow birth rate because of economic uncertainty.

27
Q

Name a developing country which used political influence to decrease the rate of population growth

A

China - one child policy

28
Q

Characteristics of fertility in a less developed area

A

Fastest rates of population growth

Fertility rates low only locally, for instance where literacy rates are high

29
Q

Characteristics of fertility in a more developed area

A

Fertility rates generally low

Govt. intervenes to increase its countries low fertility rate

30
Q

Three examples of countries which have a fertility rate below the rate needed to maintain a steady population

A

Turkey

Iran

Tunisia

31
Q

Countries with high death rates

A

Zambia

Liberia

Sierra Leone

Zimbabwe

32
Q

Why does infant mortality vary between countries?

A

Depends on level of medical infrastructure

A lack of prenatal and postnatal care, shortage of trained professionals, poor facilities and access lead to high infant mortality rate

33
Q

Why might rural areas of a less developed country have higher mortality rates than urban areas?

A

Poor access to sanitation and clean water

Lack of accessibility to health services

Governments know urban areas are more populated so they focus on that area

34
Q

Are people more willing to control fertility or mortality?

A

Mortality

Due to medical advances?

35
Q

Contrasting population characteristics of different urban areas

Which 3 areas?

A

Byker, Jesmond, Longhorsley

36
Q

What area of city is Byker?

A

Inner city suburb

37
Q

What area of the city is Jesmond?

A

Suburb

38
Q

What area of the city is longhorsley?

A

Rural village

39
Q

Byker

Kind of housing?
Ownership?
Employment?
Services?

A

High-density terraces housing: 8% home ownership

5% non-white
High proportion 30-60 year olds
Av. Income = £310 a week
30% full time employment 
9.97% part time

Services:
high level of social services (high levels of abuse)
High proportion of free school meals
Extensive CCTV, street warden scheme

40
Q

Jesmond

Kind of housing?
Ownership?
Employment?
Services?

A

Large houses, flats and businesses
•evidence of studentification and gentrification
Lowest pop. Of white British

20-24 year olds high

£520 inckme

2.4% unemployment (relatively low)

41
Q

Longhorsley

Kind of housing?
Ownership?
Employment?
Services?

A

35% home ownership

Counter-urbanisation

99.6% British

Economically active families, lots of retired

Average income 650£/week

High car ownership

1.46 unemployment

Services:
1 small village shop - elderly pop.
No police staking - low crime
3 gold courses - lots of retirees

42
Q

Impacts of population change in rural settlements

Rural pop. decline

A

Declining services:
•post offices, banks, GPS, shops, transport
•fewer people therefore not enough people to make viable

Social impacts:
•change of structure = ageing pop

43
Q

Impacts of population change in rural settlements

Rural pop. Increase (counter-urbanisation in rural settlements which have good access to cities)

Positive impacts

A

Increase in children = fuller or newer school

Increase in profitability of shops and pubs

Improvement in utilities

  • gas mains
  • internet provision

Increase in value of property

44
Q

Impacts of population change in rural settlements

Rural pop. Increase (counter-urbanisation in rural settlements which have good access to cities)

Negative impacts

A

Loss of traditional rural character of villages

Increase pop= congestion and noise

Commuters - small daytime population

Increase house prices therefore original population can’t afford new house prices

Tension between new commuter pop. And inhabitants

Dormitory effect - lifeless, dull during day

Geography AS (4 decks)

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