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A2 Human Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

What influences population change at a global scale?

A

Birth and death rates

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2
Q

When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, what does this create?

A

Natural Increase

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3
Q

When the death rate exceeds the birth rate, what does this create?

A

Natural Decrease

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4
Q

What is an additional factor for population change at a national/regional scale?

A

Migration

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5
Q

What is the equation for population change?

A

Population Change=(Birth Rate-Death Rate)+/-migration

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6
Q

What does exponential growth mean?

A

Sudden change

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7
Q

What is the current world population growth rate?

A

1.13% per year

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8
Q

When was the peak growth rate of the world population?

A

1960s

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9
Q

What was the peak growth rate of the world population?

A

2% and above

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10
Q

Define demographic momentum

A

“The phenomenon of continued population increase despite reduced fertility rates. The population continues to grow due to a large proportion of its population entering its reproductive years”

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11
Q

What is the predicted population growth of the UK by 2050?

A

10 million

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12
Q

What is the predicted population growth of the USA by 2050?

A

100 milllion

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13
Q

What is the population of Japan expected to do by 2050?

A

Decrease

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14
Q

What is the population of Russia expected to do by 2050?

A

Decrease

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15
Q

What is the population of Germany expected to do by 2050?

A

Decrease

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16
Q

What is the population of Afghanistan expected to do by 2050?

A

Double

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17
Q

What was population previously kept in check by?

A

Nature (Famine, disease)

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18
Q

How much of the earth is covered in water?

A

70%

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19
Q

How much of the earth’s water is fresh?

A

2%

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20
Q

How much of the earth’s water is accessible?

A

1%

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21
Q

Where does Brian Richer work?

A

Nature conservancy

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22
Q

What does Brian Richer say about the earth’s water supply?

A

there is “no more water than when the world began”

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23
Q

Where does a lot of water get used?

A

Industry and agriculture

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24
Q

What is the process called where water is distilled from the sea?

A

Desalination

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25
Q

What is a drawback of the process of desalination?

A

It is expensive

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26
Q

What prospect do we face with water?

A

1 billion people could suffer from water scarcity

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27
Q

What is Norman Borlaug famous for?

A

The Green Revolution

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28
Q

What was The Green Revolution?

A

Where Norman Borlaug led a team of scientists to use technology to create disease resistant food in Mexico and India increasing production five fold, allowing the countries to become more self-sufficient

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29
Q

What are three ways David Attenborough suggests to reduce food shortage?

A

Reduce our use of resources
Reduce the technology we use
Reduce the population

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30
Q

What does DTM stand for?

A

Demographic Transition Model

31
Q

When was the DTM introduced?

A

1929

32
Q

Who created the DTM?

A

American demographer Warren Thompson

33
Q

What does the DTM describe?

A

The changes in vital rates and population growth that occur within economic development (pre-industrial; industrial; post-industrial)

34
Q

What warning comes with using the DTM?

A

The model is a generalisation and although generated for specific countries it can be used as comparative

35
Q

What are the five criticisms of the DTM?

A

Eurocentric (Based on European countries from 1800-1950)
Population growth in LEDCs is not necessarily linked to development
Death rate decline in LEDCs more due to imported western technology
Not all countries go through the same stages
Fails to account for migration

36
Q

Is Afghanistan going through natural increase or decrease?

A

Increase

37
Q

Is Syria going through natural increase or decrease?

A

Increase

38
Q

Name a country going through natural decrease?

A

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

39
Q

What is the natural decrease of Saint Pierre and Miquelon?

A

-2.30

40
Q

Define birth rate

A

The average number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear

41
Q

Define death rate

A

The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear

42
Q

Define net migration

A

The net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and non-citizens

43
Q

Define Immigration

A

The act of people movie got a country in order to settle there

44
Q

Define emigration

A

To leave once country or region to settle in another

45
Q

Define infant morality

A

The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births

46
Q

Define child mortality

A

The probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births

47
Q

Define life expectancy

A

The statistically determined average number of years of life remaining after a specified age for a given group of individuals

48
Q

Define total fertility rate

A

The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if:

1) She was to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime, and
2) She was to survive from birth through the end of her reproductive life

49
Q

Evaluate China’s One Child Policy

A

Overall a statistical success, the policy was too simplistic a solution to a complex problem

50
Q

Who Introduced One Child Policy?

A

Deng Ziaoping

51
Q

When was One Child Policy introduced?

A

1979

52
Q

Why was One Child Policy introduced?

A

Fear of famine, overcrowding and overpopulation

53
Q

Was One Child Policy supported when it was introduced?

A

No, 9/10 people opposed it

54
Q

What were the negatives of One Child Policy?

A

Unfair to rural communities
Sons considered more valuable
Huge ethical drawback
Ageing Population

55
Q

Why was the One Child Policy unfair to rural communities?

A

They needed workers and as a result productivity dropped

56
Q

Why was the One Child Policy’s drawback on gender?

A

Males were more valuable and female infanticide was common

57
Q

What was an ethical drawback of the One Child Policy?

A

There were 16 million abortions alone in 1983 alone

58
Q

What were the positives of the One Chile Policy?

A

Did the reduce the birth rate with 400 million births avoided and more resources per person

59
Q

Where is Kerala?

A

India

60
Q

Which Indian State introduced a population policy?

A

Kerala

61
Q

Was Kerala’s population policy Natal or Anti-Natal?

A

Anti-Natal

62
Q

Was Kerala’s population policy voluntary or mandatory?

A

Voluntary

63
Q

What was the cause of the Keralan population policy?

A

The population doubled between 1951 and 1991

64
Q

How did the Keralan population policy operate?

A

Free contraception
Education
Family planning

65
Q

What were the positives of the Kerala policy?

A

Women are being educated and promoted
Healthy children
Contraception widespread

66
Q

Why was the Kerala policy better than the national policy?

A

It avoided the negative effects of rapid change and is more ethical

67
Q

Why is Kerala’s policy suitable for LEDCs?

A

Doesn’t require economic development (Kerala’s economy was sluggish)

68
Q

Why was Kerala’s policy better than One Child?

A

Similar birth rate but less ethical issues

69
Q

What is France’s population policy called?

A

“Code de la familie”

70
Q

What type of population policy is France’s?

A

Pro-natalist

71
Q

Why had France’s population declined?

A

More people were aware of contraceptives

Women were having careers

72
Q

What year was “Code de la famile” created?

A

1939

73
Q

What did France’s policy do?

A

Offered cash to mothers who stayed home
Maternity grants
Tax benefits to parents with children

74
Q

What was the drawback of France’s policy?

A

Expensive and is not reaching its targets

A2 Human Geography (1 decks)

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