Population Flashcards
Define overpopulated
An area which has too many people for the available resources
Define population increase
An area or country which has more births than deaths
Define population decline
An area or country that has more deaths than births
Define population balance
An area or country where the number of births and deaths are almost equal
Define death rate
Number of people who died for every thousand people in one year
Define birth rate
Number of babies born alive for every 1000 people in one year
Define natural increase
Number of people added to or lost from the population for every thousand people in one year
Why is there differences in birth and death rates?
Level of countries development
Religion - views of people in the country
Policies of the government
What is the demographic transition model?
The model is a simplified representation of population change over time on which any country in the world could theoretically be placed
Stage 1 of the DMT
High stationary Death rate is high Birth rate is high Rate of natural increase is low UK position:before 1760 Examples remote tribes in the tropical rainforest
Stage 2 of the DMT
Early expanding Death rate is falling Birth rate is high Rate of natural increase is high UK position: between 1760 and 1900 Examples: Bangladesh and Niger
Stage 3 of the DMT
Late expanding Death rate is falling Birth rate is falling Rate of natural increase is high UK position: 1900 to 1950 Examples: India, Brazil and Mexico
Stage 4 of the DMT
Low stationary Death rate is falling Birth rate is low Rate of natural increase is very low or stable UK position: since 1950 Examples: USA, France and Denmark
Stage 5 of the DMT
Declining Death rate is rising Birth rate is very low Rate of natural increase is negative UK position: the UK could soon enter this stage Examples: Japan, Russia and Germany
Where is population increase mostly occurring?
Population increase mainly occurs in low income and middle income countries such as Africa the Middle East and parts of South America and south Asia
Where is lower levels of increase, population balance and decrease mostly occurring?
In high income countries found in North America and Europe Russia and parts of central and eastern Europe
Give six facts about Japan’s population
It is the oldest population in the world
Over 65’s make up 23.9% of the population
The average age is 45.4 years the highest in the world
The birth rate remains below replacement level
Under 15s make up just 13.5% of the population
What is a demographer?
Someone who measures population growth
Define replacement level
It is the average number of children quiet to be born per woman to ensure that the population remained stable
Why is Japan’s population structure changing?
People in Japan are living longer the average life expectancy is 81 for men and 87 for women.
The birthrate in Japan has been declining since 1975 due to the average age at which women have their first child and the number of Japanese couples getting married has fallen
What are you affects of an ageing population?
An increase in the cost of pensions
Are rising number of elderly people living in nursing homes
An increase in the cost of healthcare
Define a population policy
Measures taken by government to influence population size, growth, distribution or composition
Define pronatalist policies
These are policies that are used to encourage people to have more children by offering incentives such as financial payments
Define anti-natalist policies
These are policies that are used to encourage people to have fewer children by offering incentives such as free stay education, for only the first child in a family
China’s one child policy
The one child policy only applied to hand Chinese 90% of the population
Men have to be over the age of 22 and women over the age of 20 to be granted permission to have a child
Parents to follow the rule receive a certificate next to money when they retire
Breaking the rules result in a heavy fine
Impacts of policy
There is now a serious imbalance of men to women
It is believed that the economy will not have enough skilled workers
Babies born under the one child policy will have two parents and four grandparents look after
Advantages of immigration
Promotes tolerance
It can provide economic boost to country’s economy
Ensures economy has skilled workers
Contributes to cultural diversity
Migrants at young age have a family negating affects of ageing population
Disadvantages of immigration
It puts a strain on welfare and health
Extra competition for local jobs
Prints often don’t mix with the wider community
