population

Question 1

explain the census as a data collection method

Answer 1

• mandatory
• conducted every 10 years
• ## collects info like DOB, education, marital status, health and religion

Question 2

explain the scottish household survey as a data collection method

Answer 2

• sent out annually
• asks a random sample of people living in Scotland
• covers many topics such as finance, housing and childcare
• its voluntary
• it collects data about characteristics, behaviour, attitudes and composition of households
• its cheaper than carrying out a census

Question 3

explain other data collection methods

Answer 3

• hatch, match, dispatch (birth, marriage and death certificates) must be registered by law and provide up to date info between census
• recording when people leave and enter a country can be done through visa applications

Question 4

problems with collecting population data (8 points)

Answer 4

• high rates of homelessness means that people with no home address arent being accounted for
• low GNP or countries ridden with debt don’t have the funds to send out a census every 4 years so would find it difficult to collect population data
• population/country size makes it difficult due to the large amount of people needing to be reached and the large surface area
• mountainous or inaccessible regions like in Afghanistan or rainforests makes it difficult for postal services because they cant reach everywhere
• multiple languages spoken makes it difficult, India speaks 15 languages with 1650 dialects meaning it would have to be printed in different languages increasing cost
• suspicion of government means people may give false info
• social/ religious factors means people could lie about things such as how many children they have because there are rules in certain places like chinas one child policy
• nomadic people who have no permanent address could be missed out on or be counted twice
• high levels of illiteracy means people wouldn’t answer accurately because they dotn understand whats written

Question 5

reasons for high birth rate (3 reasons)

Answer 5

• lack of access to contraception means accidental pregnancies are more common
• large families can be culturally normal or encouraged
• couples need children as a source of labour eg on family farms

Question 6

reasons for low birth rate (2 reasons)

Answer 6

• children are expensive to raise so people that value disposable income don’t want to sacrifice their money
• emancipation of women means that women are wanting careers having had access to education so not wanting to take time away from it or risk it
• contraception is widely available

Question 7

reasons for high death rate (4 reasons)

Answer 7

l- ack of vaccinations against deadly diseases leads to many deaths
- lack of access to food means that many wont be able to get the nutrients needed to survive
- lack of access to medial care causes people to not be able to get the treatment required to survive
- poor quality of housing with lack of sanitation causes poor living conditions which increases health risks
- waterborne diseases due to a lack of clean water

Question 8

reasons for low death rate (3 reasons)

Answer 8

• high standard of healthcare means medicine is available to save lives
• healthy living campaigns - anti smoking, anti drinking, eating well
• advanced medical care like vaccinations, antibiotics, surgery

Question 9

impacts of an ageing population (bullet shaped pyramid) (12 points)

Answer 9

• age of retirement may be raised to keep people working longer to avoid paying out pensions until later
• extra resources for elderly like medical treatment, nursing homes needed
• government needs more money for pensions which means taxes could increase
• unemployment in services catering for children ie nurseries and schools as less will be needed so people will lose their jobs
• few young people could lead to a lack of future workforce
• government may have to rely on migrant workers to fill jos
• personal pension contributions may increase
  -social benefits are cut to save money
• generational tensions may increase (millennials vs boomers)
• greater demand for orthopaedic surgeons (knee/ hip replacements etc)
• political views are affected (may affect voting behaviour)
• collapse of public services eg NHS

Question 10

impacts of pyramid shaped population pyramid (8 points)

Answer 10

• widespread poverty and lack of services eg healthcare, education
• overall low standard of living due to the strain put on the countries resources due to its increasing population
• high levels of unemployment due to too many people for the jobs available
• self perpetuating as with so many young people birth rates will continue to rise
• lack of basic facilities like sewage systems, electricity and clean water supply, which causes spread of disease
• overpopulation occurs as the birth rate exceeds the death rate and population grows quickly
• lack of sufficient food to meet demand due to the inability of the country to provide food for its growing population
• inadequate housing for the population, particularly in cities, with vast numbers of people forced to live in make-shift shanty towns

Question 11

push factors (8)

Answer 11

• loss of farm land through land reform and population pressure
• merchanisation leading to agricultural job losses
• low wages from agricultural employment
• low standard of living
• poor sanitation, water supply and rural infrastructure
• poor rural services eg healthcare and education
• drought leading to crop loss
• decreasing productivity of agricultural land

Question 12

pull factors (7)

Answer 12

• job opportunities in manufacturing and service sector
• better education
• better healthcare, doctors and hospitals
• higher wages
• extended family already moved to the city
• possibility of better housing, sanitation and standard of living
• access to amenities, shops and entertainment

Question 13

advantages to the country of origin (5)

Answer 13

• the birth rate will decrease as young men migrate
• provision of healthcare may improve as there is less demand on social service
• migrant workers who return may bring back skills they have learned which can benefit the area they came from
• unemployment rate will fall
  -underemployment rate will fall

Question 14

disadvantages to the country of origin (4)

Answer 14

• the economically active and skilled people who could help the country develop, leave for better pay eg doctors, teachers and lawyers, referred to as the brain drain
• as typical migrants are adult males and fathers, many families are divided
• Mexico can lose money from the economy in the form of taxes on Mexican workers
• in the long term families can become too dependent on the remittances from migrant workers

Question 15

advantages to the host country