Population Flashcards
Human environments P1
ways to collect population data
The census is carried out every ten years
Each household is legally required to complete a detailed questionnaire
The census includes questions on their social, economic and cultural backgrounds
Civil registration of births and deaths provide an up-to-date count between censuses
The Scottish Household Survey is a continuous survey which is based on a random sample of the population.
The SHS is chapter than carrying out a full census
Visa applications allow governments to collect data on migration
NHS records allow the government to collect health data
problems with collecting population data
Countries with many official languages have to translate their census forms and employ enumerators who can speak multiple languages
If literacy rates are low people can’t read and write and therefore cannot complete the form or may unintentionally make mistakes making the form inaccurate
Poor infrastructure and difficult terrain eg. Amazon Rainforest and might make it difficult for enumerators to distribute census forms
Conflict can make it too dangerous to distribute forms and high death rates means data becomes quickly outdated
Many people live in informal housing so have no official address (e.g. Rio de Janeiro)
Illegal immigrants are unlikely to complete a census for fear of deportation
Nomads can be easily missed or counted twice
consequences of youthful population
There will be an increase in the number of people of childbearing age so the birth rate will continue to increase
There will need to be more investment in maternity hospitals
There will need to be more pediatric doctors and childhood vaccination services
More schools will be required and more teachers will be needed.
Governments may need to invest in family planning to control the birth rate
There may be high unemployment in the future as people are competing for jobs
Although, a larger potential workforce may attract multinational companies to the country
In urban areas there may be pressure on housing leading to the expansion of informal housing
Increased pressure on farmers to grow food to feed a growing population
consequences of ageing population
As there are less children, schools may be shut down as they are not needed.
There will be an increase pressure on the health service to meet the needs of an ageing population, for example more hip-replacements and heart medication
There may be more demands on adult children to care for elderly parents
More services for older people will be required such as care homes
More elderly people means the government have to spend more on pensions which might result in tax increases for the economically active
The requirement age may need to be increased
In-migration may need to be encouraged
There may be an increase in robots doing the jobs of people
push factors for voluntary migration
Not enough jobs with very few opportunities.
A large proportion of jobs in Mexico are in agriculture which is becoming increasingly difficult due to extreme temperatures and poor quality soil.
Low paying jobs resulting in low standard of living
Mexico is not safe as crime rates are high. In 2021 the murder rate was 28 (per 100,000 people).
pull factors for voluntary migration
The exchange rate meant that dollar convection to pesos was favourable and meant that people could send money back to family members in Mexico.
The USA has a better standard of healthcare as well as more healthcare provision
It is free to enrol in education in the US.
migration impacts on mexico
People working in America send money to their families back home in Mexico
Migrants may return to Mexico with a new skill they have learned working in the USA.
Migration results in less overcrowding and therefore less pressure on services including housing and education.
The journey is dangerous and many Mexicans lose their lives every year trying to cross into America
The lack of economically active people in Mexico negative impact Mexico’s economy
The higher educated more skilled workers are migrating for better pay resulting in a “brain drain” in Mexico.
migration impacts on USA
People working in America send money to their families back home in Mexico
Migrants may return to Mexico with a new skill they have learned working in the USA.
Migration results in less overcrowding and therefore less pressure on services including housing and education.
Negative
The journey is dangerous and many Mexicans lose their lives every year trying to cross into America
The lack of economically active people in Mexico negative impact Mexico’s economy
The higher educated more skilled workers are migrating for better pay resulting in a “brain drain” in Mexico.
Migrants are prepared to do unskilled, low paying jobs (fruit picking etc) that Americans don’t want to do.
In California, Arizona and Texas, businesses are thriving from using cheap Mexican labour to increase profits
Migration increases diversity and expands the culture of the USA.
Around a quarter of Mexicans in the US are illegal so do not contribute to the economy
An increased population in the US means more pressure on services including housing and education
The US government spend about $4.9 billion every year on border controls to try to manage illegal immigrants.
