Popliteal

Question 1

Popliteal Fossa and boundaries

Answer 1

: a diamond shaped depression posterior to the knee joint.

Boundaries:
1. superolaterally-biceps femoris
2. superomedially-semitendinosus and semimembranosus
inferiorly-both heads of the gastrocnemius
Floor is popliteal surface of the femur
Roof-skin and popliteal fascia

Question 2

sural nerve

Answer 2

S1,S2, dermatome for lateral posterior calf and foot

Question 3

tibial nerve

Answer 3

L4-S3

Question 4

Common Fibular

Answer 4

L4-S2

Question 5

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Answer 5

dermatome for popliteal and posterior leg

Question 6

Baker or popliteal cysts

Answer 6

A Baker cyst is swelling caused by fluid from the knee joint protruding to the back of the knee. When an excess of knee joint fluid is compressed by the body weight between the bones of the knee joint, it can become trapped and separate from the joint to form the fluid-filled sac of a Baker cyst. The name of the cyst is in memory of the physician who originally described the condition, the British surgeon William Morrant Baker (1839-1896).

Baker cysts are common and can be caused by virtually anything causing joint swelling (arthritis). The excess joint fluid (synovial fluid) bulges to the back of the knee to form the Baker cyst. The most common type of arthritis associated with Baker cysts is osteoarthritis, also called degenerative arthritis. Baker cysts can occur in children with juvenile arthritis of the knee. Baker cysts also can result from cartilage tears (such as a torn meniscus), rheumatoid arthritis, and other knee problems.

Question 7

Popliteal aneurysms

Answer 7

rarely have symptoms. They are often discovered during routine examination. They are more likely to occur in the older population, and in men > women. These types of aneurysms do not rupture frequently but the blood clot can reduce blood flow to the foot, potentially cutting blood completely from the foot and necessitating amputation. Surgical repair is usually straightforward, successful and durable. Rupture is rare but requires immediate surgery to preserve the limb.

Question 8

gastrocnemius

Answer 8

Originates from lateral and medial condyles and inserts on the posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon. Tibial nerve – S1, S2

Question 9

Tennis leg

Answer 9

strain of the medial head of the gastrocnemius occurring in individuals who are poorly conditioned and over the age of 40. (Moore, p. 607) caused by
sudden and abrupt changes of direction to bring about a tear in the calf muscle

Question 10

Popliteus

Answer 10

rotates femur laterally on fixed tibia about 5 degrees to unlock knee when in full extension

Question 11

posterior compartment of leg

Answer 11

Nerve Supply: Tibial Nerve
Blood Supply: Posterior Tibial Artery and Fibular Artery
Muscle Actions: Flexion of the knee joint
Plantarflexion of Ankle
Flexion of Toes