Pop Quizzes

Question 1

The Shapiro-Wilk Test is used to:
A. Test if 3+ population means are all equal
B. Examine if a variable is normally distributed
C. Indicate to what extent 2 variables are monotonously related
D. Test if two categorical variables are related in some population.

Answer 1

B. Examine if a variable is normally distributed.

Question 2

Abdominal fluid that has potassium levels______ times as high as blood in cats and _____times as high in dogs is consistent with a uroabdomen.

Answer 2

1. 9

1. 4

Question 3

True or False: According to the study by Mauro, et al in JVECC 2020, histopathologic lesions in the kidneys closely mirrored the severity of lesions found in the bladder and urethra.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Arrange these NSAIDs from most toxic to least toxic to dogs (in mg/kg).

Aspirin
Carprofen
Ibuprofen
Meloxicam
Naproxen

Answer 4

1 (most) - meloxicam
2 - naproxen
3- ibuprofen
4- carprofen
5 - (least) - aspirin

Question 5

What are 3 major categories of endoperoxidases in the arachidonic acid cycle and their function?

Answer 5

Prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2a, PGD2, smooth muscle control, gastric acid secretion inhibition, renin release), Thromboxane A2 (PIP, Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction), Prostacyclins (PGI2, increased platelet cAMP, decreased PLT activation, vasodilation)

Question 6

ITP + IMHA is sometimes referred to as:

Answer 6

Evan’s Syndrome

Question 7

What is the MOA of azathioprine for ITP?

Answer 7

Purine antagonist

Question 8

What is the MOA of cyclosporine for ITP?

Answer 8

Calcineurin inhibitor

Question 9

What is the MOA of corticosteroids for ITP?

Answer 9

Lots…. (fill in the blanks)

Question 10

What is the MOA of mycophenolate for ITP?

Answer 10

Inhibit purine synthesis

Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

Question 11

Why does exchange of 1.5x plasma volume in TPE only achieve 80% decrease in antibody burden for ITP?

Answer 11

Diminishing returns

Question 12

Why is calcium gluconate sometimes indicated when performing TPE?

Answer 12

Citrate

Question 13

The ACT test is most similar to:
VCM Vet
PT
aPTT
BMBP

Answer 13

aPTT

Question 14

How does the WITNESS lepto test compare to the SNAP lepto test?

Answer 14

IgM vs IgG&raquo_space;> IgM

Question 15

What are THREE potential mechanisms of kaliuresis in lepto dogs?

Answer 15

Na-K ATPase inhibition,
Increased plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentration,
Impairment of Na-K-Cl co-transport in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

Question 16

What do the numbers in the names of synthetic starches describe? What are the most common?

Answer 16

Concentration, Molar Weight, Molar substitution

Question 17

The carrier fluid of VetStarch and Volvulen is:
A. LRS
B. Normosol-R
C. Sterile Water
D. 0.9% NaCl

Answer 17

D. 0.9% NaCl

Question 18

What is the proposed mechanism of HES-induced AKI?

Answer 18

Osmotic nephrosis, where pinocytosis and accumulation of HES molecules in renal tubular cells result in subsequent cell swelling and dysfunction

Question 19

What is the difference between a Type I and Type II error?

Answer 19

Type I error is a “false positive”

Type II error is a “false negative”

Question 20

Your patience creatinine on admission was 1.2 mg/dL. The next day, the creatinine is 2.4 mg/dL. What VAKI stage is this?
A. Stage 0
B. Stage 1
C. Stage 2
D. Stage 3

Answer 20

C. Stage 2

Question 21

Why are some HES products referred to as “tetrastarch”?

Answer 21

HES characterized by molecular weight, molar substitution, and C2:C6 ratio. molar substitution = hydroxyethyl groups per unit glucose. 0.4 = tetra. 0.6 = HETAstarch.

Question 22

Describe the Gibbs-Donnan effect.

Answer 22

The unequal behavior of charged particles (lytes) near a semi-permeable membrane due to presence of non-permeable, charged substances (e.g. protein).

Question 23

Calculate the osmolality given the following labwork: Glucose 600 mg/dL, BUN 120 mg/dL, Creatinine 9.2 mg/dL, Phosphorus 10 mg/dL, Na 158 mmol/L, Cl 130 mmol/L, K 4.4 mmol/L

Answer 23

401 mmol/kg

Question 24

Briefly describe cardiorenal syndrome and potential MOAs.

Answer 24

Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) are disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or long-term dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or long-term dysfunction of the other. renal venous congestion (high venous pressures and intra-abdominal pressures), hypotension and decreased cardiac output with activation of SNS and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), cytokine signalling injury
persistent renal vasoconstriction from tubuloglomerular feedback and various vasoactive substances (adenosine and endothelin), decreased renal responsiveness to natriuretic peptides, and impaired autoregulation of GFR diuretic resistance due to: decreased solute delivery to tubules caused by decreased RBF, decreased GFR, hypoalbuminemia, and the phenomenon of diuretic “braking” caused by enhanced sodium reabsorption and distal tubular hypertrophy

Question 25

What simple formula for predicting change in PCV after canine pRBCs transfusion was found to be most accurate?

Answer 25

VT (mL) = 1.5 ×desired rise in PCV × kg BW
1 mL/kg will increase PCV by 0.67%

Short JL, Diehl S, Seshadri R, et al. Accuracy of formulas used to predict post-transfusion packed cell volume rise in anemic dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2012;22(4):428-434.

Question 26

What is the recommended time period to give a blood transfusion? Why? What’s the evidence?

Answer 26

<4-6h due to risk of bacterial contamination. limited evidence. stored whole blood left at room temp for 24h did not grow anything.

Question 27

Approximately what percentage of dogs that vomited in the Zersen et al. produced the foreign body?
A. 19%
B. 37%
C. 78%
D. 92%

Answer 27

C. 78%

Question 28

List 4 risk factors for aspiration pneumonia when inducing emesis.

Answer 28

Abnormal mentation
Laryngeal paralysis
Megaesophagus
Brachycephalic airway syndrome

Question 29

What does the acronym PROVETS stand for?

Answer 29

Partnership on Rotational ViscoElastic Test Standardization

Question 30

True or False: For TEG, kaolin is used as the activator for evaluating the Tissue Factor pathway.

Answer 30

False