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Equine (Poppy) > Poor Performance > Flashcards

Poor Performance Flashcards

1
Q

Body systems to consider in the poor performance case

A

Musculoskeletal
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
Reproductive
Cardiac

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2
Q

Possible musculoskeletal causes of poor performance

A

Mild, bilateral or quadrilateral lameness
Disease of axial skeleton
Muscle disease

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3
Q

Top respiratory causes of poor performance

A

Upper respiratory (recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, dorsal displacement of soft palate, pharyngeal collapse)
Lower respiratory (mild equine asthma)

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4
Q

Gastrointestinal cause of poor performance

A

Gastric disease

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5
Q

Reproductive cause of poor performance in male

A

Cryptorchid or rig

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6
Q

Reproductive cause of poor performance in female

A

Ovarian tumours
Normal ovarian cyclicity

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7
Q

Top cardiac cause of poor performance

A

Atrial fibrillation (horse with high athletic demand)

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8
Q

Steps of poor performance palpation

A

Neck palpation and baited stretches
Epaxial muscles of thoracic and lumbar spine (deep, sustained pressure and pulsatile to assess ability to ventral flex, muscle mass/tone/symmetry)
Sternal lift
Sacroiliac region (deep palpation either side of midline)
Lumbosacral dynamic flexion (pressure on skin either side of tail base)
Inspect limbs for signs of effusion, swelling and heat, especially in sites typical of bilateral lameness

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9
Q

Common sites of bilateral lameness in sport horses

A

Feet
Tarsus
Proximal suspensory

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10
Q

Common sites of bilateral lameness in racehorses

A

Carpus
Fetlock
Tarsus

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11
Q

How to identify bilateral/multilimb lameness

A

Lunging (more weight on inside limb)
Flexion tests (increased pressure of joint fluid)

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12
Q

What measurements do you get from objective gait analysis sensor based systems?

A

Asymmetry in millimeters

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13
Q

What measurements do you get from objective gait analysis sensor based systems?

A

Asymmetry in millimeters

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14
Q

Problem with anaesthesia of the proximal suspensory ligament or tarsometatarsal joint

A

Closely associated so anaesthesia of one can affect the other (but does mean medication of one can improve the other)

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15
Q

Treatment for refractory cases of proximal suspensory disease

A

Neurectomy of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve and plantar fasciotomy

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16
Q

Contraindications for neurectomy and fasciotomy of the proximal suspensory

A

Horses with marked ligament degeneration (procedure can accelerate ligament degeneration)
Competition legality

17
Q

Most mobile part of lumbosacral spine

A

L6-S1

18
Q

Clinical signs of axial skeleton pain

A

Poor muscling
Pain on palpation
Abnormal dynamic responses
Resentment of ridden exercise
Poor quality canter (vs trot)

19
Q

Most commonly acquired radiograph view used to image disease of dorsal spinous process

A

Laterolateral

20
Q

What disease is this?

A

Dorsal spinous process impingement/’kissing spines’ in mid thoracic region with bony remodelling (halos of sclerosis)

21
Q

What disease is this?

A

Dorsal spinous process impingement/’kissing spines’

22
Q

Methods to increase suspicion of back pain alongside radiographic abnormalities

A

Gamma scintigraphy (combines physiology with anatomy as it identifies active inflammation)
Response to local anaesthesia (assess ridden before and after)
Response to local anti-inflammatories (‘long term block’)

23
Q

Medical management for DSPs

A

Local injection of corticosteroids
Rehabilitation program to restore strength and function
(Can be curative, as back strengthens medication interval will increase)

24
Q

Surgical procedures for DSP impingement

A

Interspinous ligament desmotomy
Subtotal (cranial wedge) ostectomy

25
Q

Advantages of interspinous ligament desmotomy

A

Short rehabilitation period (back in work quickly e.g. young thoroughbred)

26
Q

Disadvantages of DSP management

A

Doesn’t change underlying anatomy

27
Q

Advantages of subtotal (cranial wedge) ostectomy

A

Permanent anatomy change (no impingement)
Better long term outcomes

28
Q

Disadvantages of subtotal (cranial wedge) ostectomy

A

Invasive
Post-operative pain
Long rehabilitation period

29
Q

Clinical signs of lumbarsacral/sacroiliac pain

A

Buck under saddle
Disunited at canter
Poor hind limb engagement
Occasionally overt lameness

30
Q

Important consideration of sacroiliac nerve blocks

A

Ultrasound guided
Close to important structures (inadvertent blocking of cranial gluteal nerve = recumbent for 3-4 hours, ensure horse is in stable/recovery box)

31
Q

Benefits of scintigraphy

A

Identify concurrent appendicular or axial pathology

32
Q

Limitation of scintigraphy

A

Expensive
Radiation (= isolation 48-36 hours)

33
Q

Diagnostic options for SI disease

A

Local anaesthetic block
Scintigraphy
Ultrasound per rectum

34
Q

When you medicate the SI joint, is it a joint or regional medication?

A

Regional (3ml of synovial fluid, 10-20ml injectate)

35
Q

Main goal of SI rehabilitation

A

Core stability (sternal lifts, LSI dorsiflexion, tail pull)

36
Q

When is water treadmill exercise recommended?

A

Strength
Coordination
Stability
Postural control

37
Q

Devices that encourage dorsiflexion and muscle recruitment

A

Pessoa systems
Equiband

Equine (Poppy) (11 decks)

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