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Test Three > Poop > Flashcards

Poop Flashcards

1
Q

Concepts

A

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas and people

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2
Q

Prototypes

A

Mental image or best example of a category

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3
Q

Algorithm

A

Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees that you will solve a problem
-less error prone

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4
Q

Heuristic

A

Simple, fast and error prone.

-judgements

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5
Q

Insight

A

Involves sudden realization of the solution or problem

- contrast with strategy based solutions

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6
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to seek evidence for our ideas rather than against them

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7
Q

Fixation

A

Inability to see a problem from a new perspective

-obstacle to problem solving

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8
Q

Intuition

A

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought

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9
Q

Quick thinking heuristic

A

A simple thinking strategy more error prone than algorithm

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10
Q

Availability heuristics

A

Involves judging likelihood of event based on availability in memory. If event comes readily to mind then it must be common

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11
Q

What do we fear

A
  • We fear what out ancestral history has prepared us to fear
  • what we cannot control
  • what is immediate
  • what is most readily available in memory
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12
Q

What causes problems for problem solving

A
  • more confident than correct(overconfidence)
  • belief beyond evidence: belief perseverance when we cling to beliefs and ignore eveidence against it
  • framing (10% die or 90% live)
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13
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Expands number of possible solutions
(Creative thinking that diverges in diff directions)
MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS

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14
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Narrows available problem solutions to determine best solution

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15
Q

Robert sternberg and five ingredients to creativity

A
  • expertise
  • imaginative thinking skills
  • venturesome personality
  • intrinsic motivation
  • creative environment
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16
Q

Ages and language (months)

A
  • 4: babbles “ah-goo”
  • 10: babbling Lang. “Mama”
  • 12:one word “kitty”
  • 24:two word “get ball”
  • 24+: develop. Into sentences
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17
Q

Chomsky and languages

A
  • all langs share basic elements call basic grammar
  • humans are born with predisposition to learn rules. No certain Lang.
  • 700+ langs
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18
Q

Critical period

A

Certain time best for child to master certain aspects of language.

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19
Q

Broca area

A

Speaking words

Motor cortex

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20
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Hearing words

Auditory cortex- usually in left temporal lobe

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21
Q

The brain and Lang.

A
  • damage to any one of several areas can impair Lang.
  • confirmed Brocas and Wernicke’s area during Lang. Processing
  • brain divides functions into smaller tasks
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22
Q

Thinking without language

A
  • mental practice relies on thinking In images
  • imagining a physical experience can have similar result
  • mental rehearsal can aid in achievement of academic goals
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23
Q

Other animals with language

A
  • velvet monkeys sound alarms
  • chimp was taught sign Lang. By garders
  • chimps vocabulary simple
  • some say humans only possess Lang. Not true
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24
Q

Spear and general intelligence

A
  • you’re either smart or you’re not
  • mental abilities are like physical abilities
  • involves distinct abilities
  • Gardner and sternberg don’t agree
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25
Q

Gardeners 8 intelligences

-evidence of multiple intelligences is found in ppl with savant syndrome

A
  • naturalist
  • linguistic:
  • logical/mathematical
  • musical
  • spatial
  • bodily/kinesthetic
  • interpersonal
  • intrapersonal :within you
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26
Q

Sternberg three intelligences

A
  • analytical intelligence (school smarts)
  • creative intelligence (trailblazing smarts: generate Novel idea)
  • practical intelligence: street smart -everyday tasks
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27
Q

Emotional intelligence abilities

A
  • perceiving emotions
  • understanding emotions
  • managing emotions
  • using motions
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28
Q

Emotionally intelligent ppl

A
  • socially aware and self award
  • delay gratification for long term
  • read and help others emotions
  • perform jobs well
  • successful in career marriage and parents. Academicly ppl fail here
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29
Q

Intelligence test

A

Method for assessing am individuals mental aptitudes

and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

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30
Q

Aptitude tests

A

Test designed to predicts a persons future performance; aptitude is ability to learn

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31
Q

Achievement test

A

Designed to assess what a person has learned

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32
Q

Alfred Binet: predicting school achievement

A
  • all child follow same course but not as same rate

- measured children’s mental age

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33
Q

Lewis termed: innate IQ

A
  • adapted binets test for wider use
  • names this Stanford-binets
  • said intelligence tests reveal intelligence which person is born
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34
Q

William stern intelligence tests

A

Developed IQ formula

-IQ no longer computer. Now average proformace of other same age is computer

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35
Q

David wechsler and intelligent test

A

Created the most by Lee use intelligent test today. It yields intelligent score in separate scores for verbal comprehension perceptual organization working memory and processing speed

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36
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

We have psychological need

  • unmet needs creates drive
  • that dive pushed one to reduce the need
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37
Q

Incentives

A

Environmental stimuli thag attract or repel depending on an individual learning histories

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38
Q

Motivation

A

Need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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39
Q

Psychological need

A

Basic bodily requirement

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40
Q

Homeostasis

A

Tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state the regulation of any aspect of bodily chemistry

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41
Q

Arousal theory

A

Humans engage in behaviors that either increase or decrease arousal levels

  • hi arousal levels motivate engagement
  • Low levels motivate activities that can increase arousal (curiosity)
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42
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • physiological needs
  • safety needs
  • belongingness and love
  • esteem needs
  • self actualization: full potential
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43
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar that circulates in the blood and provides major energy source triggers feeling of hunger When low

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44
Q

Hypothalamus and other brain structures

A

Arcuate nucleus: pumps appetite suppressing hormones

-ghrelin: involves hunger arousing hormone secreted by empty stomach

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45
Q

Set point

A

Your setpoint of a weight till your weight thermostat

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46
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

Bodies resting rate of energy output

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47
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by pancreas controls blood Glucose

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48
Q

Leptin

A

Protein hormone secreted by fat cells when abundant causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hungers

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49
Q

Cognition

A

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering and communicating

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50
Q

Their survival value of fat

A

Hunger driven desire for energy rich fat or sugar has evolutionary roots

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51
Q

Suggestions for a good balancing act

A

Monitor your time, monitor your feelings, hide were distracting online friends, turn off handheld devices, don’t go on social media, take a nature walk

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52
Q

Historic emotion theories

A
  • jame Lang: arousal comes before emotion

- cannon bard: arousal and emotion happen at the same time

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53
Q

Schacter singer two factor theory

A

Arousal plus label =emotion

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54
Q

Zajonc

A

Emotion and two track brain

55
Q

Emotional component

A

Bodily arousal

expressive behaviors conscious experiences

56
Q

Basic emotions: Izard

A

10 basic emotions

57
Q

Emotions and the autonomic nervous system

A

ANS mobilizes body for action with stress hormones from adrenaline glands sugar from liver into bloodstream increases heart rate and blood pressure and slow digestion.
when crisis passes ANS and hormones gradually leave blood stream

58
Q

Gestures vary among cultures

A

Emotions are generally the same among all cultures

59
Q

Facial feedback effect

A

Research demonstrates that outward expressions and movements can trigger innerfeelings and emotions

60
Q

Behavioral feedback effect

A

This is similar to facial feedback where in behaving in certian ways awakens emotions

61
Q

Stressors

A

Things that push our buttons

62
Q

Stress reactions

A

From Alarm to exhaustion

63
Q

Stress

A

Process of appraising an event as threatening or challenging and responding to it

64
Q

Catastrophes

A

Unpleasant large-scale events

65
Q

Cannon

A

Sympathetic nervous system

- fight or flight response

66
Q

Selye

A

General adaption syndrome( GAS)

67
Q

Taylor: tend and befriend

A

Under stress people often provide support to others and bond and seek support from others

68
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle the leading cause of death in North America and many other countries

69
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system they fight infections and attack cancer cancer cells viruses and foreign substances

70
Q

Type A

A

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive hard driving, impatient verbally aggressive and anger prone people

71
Q

Type B

A

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easy-going relaxed people

72
Q

Type D

A

Grande’s term for people who suppressed negative emotion to avoid social disapproval

73
Q

Peoples way of dealing with stress

A
  • coping
  • problem focused coping:change problem
  • emotion focused coping: change way you feel about problem
74
Q

Personal control

A

Involves two degree we perceive having control over our environment

75
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Involves dramatic form of loss of control and may result in negative health consequences

76
Q

External locus

A

A form of control that believe that chance or outside forces control their fate

77
Q

Internal locus of control

A

Believe they have control over their own destiny they tend to achieve more

78
Q

Pessimists

A

Expect things to go badly and blame others

79
Q

Optimists

A

Expect to have control they work well under stress and enjoy good health optimism tends to run in families

80
Q

What does social support help fight

A

It comes the cardiovascular system which lowers blood pressure and stress hormones and also fights illness by fostering stronger immune functioning

81
Q

Social support and ppl

A

Uchino: people supported by close relationships are less likely to die early

  • Kaplan: people in low conflict marriges live longer and healthier lives than unmarried
  • valiant: healthy Ageing is better protected by a good marriage than a low cholesterol level
82
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

Involves attending to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and excepting manner and improve many health measures

83
Q

Resilience

A

Involves the process of bouncing back in the face of adversity or significant sources of stress

84
Q

Feel good do good phenomenon

A

Suggest that when people feel happy they become more helpful and doing good promotes feeling good

85
Q

Subjective well being

A

Includes feelings of happiness and sense of satisfaction with life

86
Q

What are the three test of a good test

A

Was the test standardized is it reliable and is it valid

87
Q

Twin and adoption studies

A

Identical twins have the same intelligence level. Paternal twins are less similar but more similar than other siblings

88
Q

Extremes of intelligence

Low and high

A
  • low extreme: below score of 70. Difficulty adapting to like demands
  • high extreme: score over 135. Healthy, well adjusted and successful academically
89
Q

Cross sectional

A

Study in which people of different ages are compared with one study

90
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Research in which the same people are we studied and retested overlong period

91
Q

Deary and intelligence

A

It is good for you

92
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and WordPower test it increases as we age into our middle age

93
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly as when solving unfamiliar logic problems this decreases with age

94
Q

Girls and intelligence

A

Outpace boys and spelling verbal fluency and looking objects there a better emotionally Detectors and are more sensitive to taste touch and color

95
Q

Boys and intelligent

A

Outperform girls in test of spatial ability and complex math problems they bury in the mental ability scores more than girls do

96
Q

Agreed-upon facts about racial and ethnic similarities

A
  • racial and ethnic groups differ in their average intelligence scores.
  • High-scoring people and groups are more likely to achieve high levels of education and income.
  • Group differences provide poor basis for judging individuals
97
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Involves a self confirming concerned that a judgment is based on negative stereotype

98
Q

Goals for mental abilities test

A

Realize the benefits of testing, guard against misinterpretation, and remember the competent general intelligence test sample

99
Q

Catastrophes

A

Unpleasant large-scale events

100
Q

Cannon

A

Sympathetic nervous system

- fight or flight response

101
Q

Selye

A

General adaption syndrome( GAS)

102
Q

Taylor: tend and befriend

A

Under stress people often provide support to others and bond and seek support from others

103
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle the leading cause of death in North America and many other countries

104
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system they fight infections and attack cancer cancer cells viruses and foreign substances

105
Q

Type A

A

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive hard driving, impatient verbally aggressive and anger prone people

106
Q

Type B

A

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easy-going relaxed people

107
Q

Type D

A

Grande’s term for people who suppressed negative emotion to avoid social disapproval

108
Q

Peoples way of dealing with stress

A
  • coping
  • problem focused coping:change problem
  • emotion focused coping: change way you feel about problem
109
Q

Personal control

A

Involves two degree we perceive having control over our environment

110
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Involves dramatic form of loss of control and may result in negative health consequences

111
Q

External locus

A

A form of control that believe that chance or outside forces control their fate

112
Q

Internal locus of control

A

Believe they have control over their own destiny they tend to achieve more

113
Q

Pessimists

A

Expect things to go badly and blame others

114
Q

Optimists

A

Expect to have control they work well under stress and enjoy good health optimism tends to run in families

115
Q

What does social support help fight

A

It comes the cardiovascular system which lowers blood pressure and stress hormones and also fights illness by fostering stronger immune functioning

116
Q

Social support and ppl

A

Uchino: people supported by close relationships are less likely to die early

  • Kaplan: people in low conflict marriges live longer and healthier lives than unmarried
  • valiant: healthy Ageing is better protected by a good marriage than a low cholesterol level
117
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

Involves attending to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and excepting manner and improve many health measures

118
Q

Resilience

A

Involves the process of bouncing back in the face of adversity or significant sources of stress

119
Q

Feel good do good phenomenon

A

Suggest that when people feel happy they become more helpful and doing good promotes feeling good

120
Q

Subjective well being

A

Includes feelings of happiness and sense of satisfaction with life

121
Q

What are the three test of a good test

A

Was the test standardized is it reliable and is it valid

122
Q

Twin and adoption studies

A

Identical twins have the same intelligence level. Paternal twins are less similar but more similar than other siblings

123
Q

Extremes of intelligence

Low and high

A
  • low extreme: below score of 70. Difficulty adapting to like demands
  • high extreme: score over 135. Healthy, well adjusted and successful academically
124
Q

Cross sectional

A

Study in which people of different ages are compared with one study

125
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Research in which the same people are we studied and retested overlong period

126
Q

Deary and intelligence

A

It is good for you

127
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and WordPower test it increases as we age into our middle age

128
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly as when solving unfamiliar logic problems this decreases with age

129
Q

Girls and intelligence

A

Outpace boys and spelling verbal fluency and looking objects there a better emotionally Detectors and are more sensitive to taste touch and color

130
Q

Boys and intelligent

A

Outperform girls in test of spatial ability and complex math problems they bury in the mental ability scores more than girls do

131
Q

Agreed-upon facts about racial and ethnic similarities

A
  • racial and ethnic groups differ in their average intelligence scores.
  • High-scoring people and groups are more likely to achieve high levels of education and income.
  • Group differences provide poor basis for judging individuals
132
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Involves a self confirming concerned that a judgment is based on negative stereotype

133
Q

Goals for mental abilities test

A

Realize the benefits of testing, guard against misinterpretation, and remember the competent general intelligence test sample

Test Three (1 decks)

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