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HSC Ancient > Pompeii and Herculaneum Study Cards > Flashcards

Pompeii and Herculaneum Study Cards Flashcards

1
Q

When did Mt Vesuvius erupt?

A

AD 79

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2
Q

What is a Basilica?

A

Large public building used for law activities and business

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3
Q

Who were the Duumviri?

A

Two senior magistrates elected annually

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4
Q

What is a Forum?

A

Public area in the centre of the city. The heart of business, religion, government and social activities

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5
Q

What is a fresco?

A

A wall painting- common in Pomeii and Herculaneum

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6
Q

What was Garum?

A

A sauce made from fermented fish and exported across the Roman Empire

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7
Q

What was an insula?

A

A town block, usually containing houses, shops and workshops

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8
Q

What is a Lararium?

A

Household Shrine- worshiping the household gods (lares)

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9
Q

What was a macellum?

A

Market place where food was sold

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10
Q

What was a Mosaic?

A

A picture or pattern made from small tiles

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11
Q

What was a Palaestra?

A

Large open area used for exercise

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12
Q

What were the Thermae?

A

Bath houses- used for men to socialise

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13
Q

What is a Peristyle?

A

A walkway with columns surrounding a garden

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14
Q

What is a Villa

A

A luxurious house in Pompeii/ Herculaneum

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15
Q

What is the name of the Volcano in the Campania Region?

A

Mt Vesuvius

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16
Q

Describe the geography of the Campania Region

A

Fertile soil, abundance of natural resources, large harbors, River Sarno, located within the bay of Naples in the south of Italy

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17
Q

What resources were found in the Campania area?

A

Due to the fertile soil farmers grew crops such as barley, wheat, vegetables, grapevines and wine, olives.

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18
Q

What were the ‘drainage’ features of the Pompeii streetscape?

A

Raised Sidewalks, running water and fountains enabled by aqueducts

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19
Q

What were some features of Pompeii streets?

A

Raised sidewalks, stepping stones, street ruts for carts, wider main streets

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20
Q

How was the streetscape of Herculaneum different to Pompeii?

A

More structured and ordered in its layout and appeared like a planned city

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21
Q

What types of written evidence to we have for P + H?

A 
Graffito
Inscriptions
Letters
Tombstones
Scrolls of Papyri
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22
Q

What archaeological evidence do we have for P + H?

A 
Buildings – private and public
Household equipment
Pictures and mosaics
Cooking and medical equipment
Jewellery and glassware
Human remains
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23
Q

What was the Role of Women in P + H?

A

priestesses
property owners
dedication of funerary monuments to family members
Business; financial transactions: landlords, waitresses, saleswomen, and of course, prostitutes
political supporters (not political leaders)

24
Q

What were the major temples or places of worship in P + H?

A 
Temple of Jupiter
Temple of Apollo
Temple of Fortuna Augusta
Temple of Venus
Temple of Vespasian - Imperial Cult
College of the Augustales – Imperial Cult
Temple of public lares
Temple of Isis
25
Q

How was Pompeii discovered?

A

when workmen were digging a canal uncovered wall paintings

26
Q

How was Herculanuem discovered?

A

during the digging of a well workmen found marble fragments belonging to the Theatre

27
Q

What role did Guiseppe Fiorelli play in the excavation?

A

Was the Superintendent of Pompeii and Herculaneum in the 1860’s.
Made the plaster casts
Made a grid of the city to locate finds
Made archaeologists keep a day book of the site.
Most significant contributions to the development of the site.

28
Q

What role did August Mau play in the excavation?

A

focused on the art in Pompeii
Studied frescoes and categorized and documented them
His classifications of wall paintings are still generally used today

29
Q

What role did Vittorio Spinazzola play in the excavation?

A

Like Fiorelli was careful and systematic, however, excavated streetscapes to reveal the external appearance of buildings.
Restored facades of buildings on via dell’Abbondanza (street of abundance)
Used evidence of the remains of buildings to recreate missing parts of buildings (who does this remind us of? A.E.)
Extensively photographed his work

30
Q

What role did Amedio Maiuri play in the excavation?

A

Oversaw many important excavations
He used mechanical equipment to clear away debris from earlier excavations
Protected some excavated buildings by erecting roofs over them
Was criticized for doing things too quickly
His enthusiasm for the site saw a surge in popularity in tourism

31
Q

What role did Pier Giovanni Guzzo play in the excavation?

A

Got the conservation efforts back on the right track
Negotiated with the Italian government to keep more of the money earned through tourism ($3 million- $9 million)
Attracted an international team of experts to conduct investigations and conservation projects

32
Q

What types of Industries were in P + H?

A 
Olive oil and wine
Fishing and Garum production
Woolen textiles
Pottery
Metalwork
Bread Making
33
Q

What leisure activities were there in P + H?

A 
Gladiatorial combat and blood sports
Theatre 
Music
Athletics
Drinking and eating
Gambling
34
Q

How did most people die during the eruption?

A

Suffocation from poisonous gasses or collapsing roofs

35
Q

What is Pumice?

A

A very light volcanic rock

36
Q

What is a Pyroclaustic Surge

A

A wave of pyroclaustic materials (burning volcanic material and gasses) that covered P + H

37
Q

what is an Aedile?

A

Town magistrate who looked after day to day administration

38
Q

What is an amphitheatre?

A

An oval shaped arena used for gladitorial games and theatre

39
Q

What is an aqueduct?

A

A structure that carries water into a city

40
Q

What is an atrium?

A

A decorated central hall in a Roman house

41
Q

What is a comitium?

A

Multi-purpose roofless building used for public meetings

42
Q

What is a cubiculum?

A

Name for a bedroom in P + H

43
Q

What was the Curia?

A

Meeting place of the city council in the Forum

44
Q

What was a Fullonica?

A

A laundry in ancient Pompeii (That used urine to bleach fabric!)

45
Q

What is described as Hellenic?

A

Anything that draws influence from Greek culture. For example; art, pottery and religion

46
Q

What is an impluvium?

A

A water basin at the centre of the atrium

47
Q

What was a nymphaeum?

A

A grotto, usually with a fountain dedicated to the nymphs

48
Q

What were papyri?

A

Ancient documents written on material made from the papyrus plant

49
Q

Who were the patricians?

A

The original Roman upper classes

50
Q

Who were the Plebs?

A

The common people in Ancient Rome

51
Q

What were sesterces?

A

A form of coined currency

52
Q

What was a taberna?

A

Shop opening onto the street with large stalls

53
Q

What was a tablinium?

A

Decorated reception area off the atrium, usualy richly decorated

54
Q

What was the tabularium

A

An official building of the forum- used for storing official records

55
Q

What was a thermopolium?

A

A take-away bar serving warm snacks and drinks

56
Q

What was a triclinium?

A

‘Three Couch Room’ or dining room

HSC Ancient (3 decks)

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