PoM Missing

Question 1

How does sequence change

Answer 1

Glycine to cysteine

Question 2

5 main cell types

Answer 2

Connective tissue cells - fibroblasts, chondrocytes (cartilage), osteocytes (bone).Contractile tissue - skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscleHaematopoietic cells Neural - neurones and glial cellsEpithelial cells

Question 3

Epithelial cancers

Answer 3

Carcinomas

Question 4

Mesenchymal (connective tissue and muscle) cancers

Answer 4

Sarcomas

Question 5

Haematopoietic cancers

Answer 5

Leukaemias (from bone marrow cells) or lymphomas (from lymphocytes)

Question 6

Neural cell cancers

Answer 6

Neuroblastomas (from neurones) or gliomas (from glial cells)

Question 7

Keratinizing

Answer 7

Produce keratin

Question 8

Which type of stratified squamous epithelium retain nuclei and organelles

Answer 8

Non-kertanizing

Question 9

Cholesterol to pregnenolone

Answer 9

Desmolase

Question 10

3 things progestagens (C21) can form

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids (C21)Mineralocorticoids (C21)Androgens (C19)

Question 11

Androgens produce

Answer 11

Estrogens (C18)

Question 12

Present in

Answer 12

Muscle and brain cells

Question 13

Three dimeric isoenzymes

Answer 13

MM, MB, BB

Question 14

When released into circulation

Answer 14

Following damage or death

Question 15

Where MM found

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle

Question 16

Where MB found

Answer 16

Heart

Question 17

Where BB found

Answer 17

Brain

Question 18

Other markers used to diagnose myocardial damage

Answer 18

Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)Cardiac troponin

Question 19

Specific cardiac troponin

Answer 19

Cardiac troponin I and troponin T

Question 20

CK gel electrophoresis

Answer 20

Positive:BBBMMMNegative:

Question 21

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction with anaemia

Answer 21

High bilirubin, jaundice

Question 22

Bilibubin

Answer 22

Breakdown of red cells

Question 23

Severe HDN

Answer 23

Hydrops fetalis and death

Question 24

Less serve HDN

Answer 24

High bilirubin causes brain damage of death later

Question 25

Where prion proteins found

Answer 25

Membranes of lymphocytes and plateletsPrions of CJD lymphoreticular tissues

Question 26

CJD

Answer 26

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

Question 27

Prep karyotype - collect heparinised venous blood

Answer 27

Can use amniotic cells, CVS

Question 28

Prep karyotype - isolate — cells

Answer 28

White

Question 29

Prep karyotype - culture in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin

Answer 29

Stimulates T-lymphocyte growth/differentiation

Question 30

Prep karyotype - after 48hrs add colchicine

Answer 30

Causes mitotic arrest

Question 31

Place in —, place on slide, fix and stain

Answer 31

Hypotonic saline

Question 32

Non disjunction

Answer 32

Trisomy or monosomy when fertilized

Question 33

Non-disjunction meiosis 1

Answer 33

All daughter cells affected

Question 34

Non-disjunction meiosis 11

Answer 34

Half affected

Question 35

Gene responsible for brown eyes

Answer 35

OCA-2

Question 36

What active brown eyes gene forms

Answer 36

Melanocyte

Question 37

Fatal glycolytic enzymopathy

Answer 37

TPI (triose phosphate enzyme) deficiency

Question 38

Excess of what (in glycolysis) can generate glycogen in the liver and muscle

Answer 38

Glucose - 6 - phosphate

Question 39

What glycolysis step can be speed up or slowed down

Answer 39

3rd - phosphfructokinase

Question 40

What reaction commits cell to subsequent reactions

Answer 40

1st - to glucose - 6 - phosphate

Question 41

Why: what reaction commits cell to subsequent reactions

Answer 41

1st - to glucose - 6 - phosphate as it more reaction than glucose due to the presence of Pi

Question 42

Where Glycerol Phosphate shuttle

Answer 42

Skeletal muscle, brain

Question 43

Where Malatate-Asparate shuttle

Answer 43

Liver, kidney, heart