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zYear 1 > PoM Missing > Flashcards

PoM Missing Flashcards

1
Q

How does sequence change

A

Glycine to cysteine

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2
Q

5 main cell types

A

Connective tissue cells - fibroblasts, chondrocytes (cartilage), osteocytes (bone).Contractile tissue - skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscleHaematopoietic cells Neural - neurones and glial cellsEpithelial cells

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3
Q

Epithelial cancers

A

Carcinomas

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4
Q

Mesenchymal (connective tissue and muscle) cancers

A

Sarcomas

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5
Q

Haematopoietic cancers

A

Leukaemias (from bone marrow cells) or lymphomas (from lymphocytes)

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6
Q

Neural cell cancers

A

Neuroblastomas (from neurones) or gliomas (from glial cells)

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7
Q

Keratinizing

A

Produce keratin

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8
Q

Which type of stratified squamous epithelium retain nuclei and organelles

A

Non-kertanizing

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9
Q

Cholesterol to pregnenolone

A

Desmolase

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10
Q

3 things progestagens (C21) can form

A

Glucocorticoids (C21)Mineralocorticoids (C21)Androgens (C19)

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11
Q

Androgens produce

A

Estrogens (C18)

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12
Q

Present in

A

Muscle and brain cells

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13
Q

Three dimeric isoenzymes

A

MM, MB, BB

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14
Q

When released into circulation

A

Following damage or death

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15
Q

Where MM found

A

Skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Where MB found

A

Heart

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17
Q

Where BB found

A

Brain

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18
Q

Other markers used to diagnose myocardial damage

A

Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)Cardiac troponin

19
Q

Specific cardiac troponin

A

Cardiac troponin I and troponin T

20
Q

CK gel electrophoresis

A

Positive:BBBMMMNegative:

21
Q

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction with anaemia

A

High bilirubin, jaundice

22
Q

Bilibubin

A

Breakdown of red cells

23
Q

Severe HDN

A

Hydrops fetalis and death

24
Q

Less serve HDN

A

High bilirubin causes brain damage of death later

25
Q

Where prion proteins found

A

Membranes of lymphocytes and plateletsPrions of CJD lymphoreticular tissues

26
Q

CJD

A

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease

27
Q

Prep karyotype - collect heparinised venous blood

A

Can use amniotic cells, CVS

28
Q

Prep karyotype - isolate — cells

A

White

29
Q

Prep karyotype - culture in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin

A

Stimulates T-lymphocyte growth/differentiation

30
Q

Prep karyotype - after 48hrs add colchicine

A

Causes mitotic arrest

31
Q

Place in —, place on slide, fix and stain

A

Hypotonic saline

32
Q

Non disjunction

A

Trisomy or monosomy when fertilized

33
Q

Non-disjunction meiosis 1

A

All daughter cells affected

34
Q

Non-disjunction meiosis 11

A

Half affected

35
Q

Gene responsible for brown eyes

A

OCA-2

36
Q

What active brown eyes gene forms

A

Melanocyte

37
Q

Fatal glycolytic enzymopathy

A

TPI (triose phosphate enzyme) deficiency

38
Q

Excess of what (in glycolysis) can generate glycogen in the liver and muscle

A

Glucose - 6 - phosphate

39
Q

What glycolysis step can be speed up or slowed down

A

3rd - phosphfructokinase

40
Q

What reaction commits cell to subsequent reactions

A

1st - to glucose - 6 - phosphate

41
Q

Why: what reaction commits cell to subsequent reactions

A

1st - to glucose - 6 - phosphate as it more reaction than glucose due to the presence of Pi

42
Q

Where Glycerol Phosphate shuttle

A

Skeletal muscle, brain

43
Q

Where Malatate-Asparate shuttle

A

Liver, kidney, heart

zYear 1 (3 decks)

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