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AQA Biology AS level H > Polysaccharides > Flashcards

Polysaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What are polysaccharide molecules made from?

A

Large numbers of their monomers

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3
Q

How is a polysaccharide formed?

A

When two or more monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions

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4
Q

How are polysaccharides broken down into their constituent monosaccharides?

A

By a hydrolysis reaction

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5
Q

What are 3 polysaccharides?

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

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6
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - How do cells get energy?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - What do plants store excess glucose as?

A

Starch

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8
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - When a plant needs more glucose for energy, what does it do?

A

Breaks down starch to release glucose

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9
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - How do plants get energy?

A

The cells get energy from glucose
The plants store the glucose as starch
When the plant needs more glucose for energy it breaks down the starch releasing the glucose

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10
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - What is starch a mixture of?

A

Two polysaccharides of alpha glucose: Amylose and Amylopectin

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11
Q

What is the structure of Amylopectin?

A

Long
Unbranched chain of a-glucose
Angles of glycosidic bonds give it a coiled structure
Hydrogen bonds hold its helical structure

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12
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - What is the function of Amylose?

A

Compact
Good for storage
Can fit more in a small space

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13
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - What is the structure of amylopectin?

A

Long
Branched chain of a-glucose
Side branches

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14
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - What is the function of amylopectin?

A

Side branches allow the enzymes to break down the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily
Glucose can be released quickly

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15
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - What is starch in water?

A

Insoluble

Doesn’t affect water potential

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16
Q

Polysaccharide Starch - How is starch good for storage? (Water)

A

Doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis which would make them swell

17
Q

Polysaccharide Glycogen - How do animal cells get energy?

A

From glucose

18
Q

Polysaccharide Glycogen - What do animals store excess glucose as?

A

Glycogen

19
Q

Polysaccharide Glycogen - What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Long
Branched chain of a-glucose
Lots of side branches

20
Q

Polysaccharide Glycogen - What is glycogen’s function?

A

Lots of side branches means stored Glucose can be released quickly
Compact so it is good for storage
Acts as an energy store

21
Q

Polysaccharide Cellulose - What is the structure of cellulose?

A

Long
Unbranched chains of b-glucose
When b-glucose molecules bond they form straight cellulose chains
Chains linked together by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils

22
Q

Polysaccharide Cellulose - What is the function of cellulose?

A

Strong fibres (microfibrils) mean cellulose provides structural support for cells

AQA Biology AS level H (4 decks)

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