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POLYMERS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY > POLYMERSSS > Flashcards

POLYMERSSS Flashcards

1
Q

Are compounds of high molecular weights formed by the combination of a large number of small repeating units

A

Polymers

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2
Q

TRIVIA: The following are characteristics of Polymers
1. Low Density
2. Low Coefficient of Friction
3. Good Corrosion Resistance
4. Good Moldability
5. Poor Tensile Strength
6. Low Mechanical Properties
7. Poor Temperature Resistance
8. Can Produce Transparent of Different Colors

A
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3
Q

The process in which the simple molecules (monomers) are converted into polymers.

A

Polymerization

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4
Q

What are the Four Application of Polymers?

A

Medicine, Consumer Science, Industry, and Sports

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5
Q

What are the five categories of polymers?

A

Homopolymer, Copolymer or Heteropolymer, Homochain Polymer, Heterochain Polymer, and Stereospecific Polymer or Tacticity

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6
Q

What are the three categories of homopolymer?

A

Linear Homopolymer, Branched Homopolymer, and Cross-linked Homopolymer

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7
Q

What are the four categories of copolymer?

A

Regular Copolymer, Random Copolymer, Block Copolymer, Graft Copolymer

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8
Q

What are the three categories of stereospecific polymer?

A

Isotactic Polymer, Syndiotactic Polymer, Atactic Polymer

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9
Q

If a polymer consists of identical monomers, it is…

A

Homopolymer

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10
Q

It is a polymer in which the constituent monomerics are joined together to form long straight chains

A

Linear Homopolymer

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11
Q

Polymers that consists of side chains attached to the main chain are called

A

Branched Homopolymer

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12
Q

Polymers with adjacent polymeric chains linked together through side chains to form a three-dimensional network structure are called

A

Cross-linked Homopolymers

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13
Q

A polymer that is made of more than one type of monomer is called

A

Copolymer

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14
Q

_____ ______ have monomeric units that are arranged regularly

A

Regular Copolymers

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15
Q

_______ _______ have monomeric units that are arranged randomly

A

Random Copolymer

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16
Q

________ _______ is a linear copolymer in which monomeric units appear as blocks

A

Block Copolymer

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17
Q

______ _______ is a branched copolymer with one type pf monomer in the backbore and another kind of monomer in the branches

A

Graft Copolymer

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18
Q

If the main chain is made up of the same species of atoms, it is a…

A

Homochain Polymer

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19
Q

If the main chain is made up of different atoms, it is a…

A

Heterochain Polymer

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20
Q

The arrangement of functional groups, either in an orderly or disorderly manner, with respect to the main chain is called…

A

Tacticity

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21
Q

Polymers in which the functional groups are located in the same side of the main chain are called…

A

Isotactic Polymers

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22
Q

The arrangement of functional groups in an alternating fashion around the main chain is called…

A

Syndiotactic Polymer

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23
Q

The arrangement of functional groups located in a random manner around the main chain is called…

A

Atactic Polymer

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24
Q

Polymers formed from two different monomers are called…

A

Copolymers

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25
Q

Polymers can be made stiffer by introducing chemical bonds between chains. Forming bonds between chain is called…

A

Cross-linking

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26
Q

TRIVIA: the greater the number of cross-links, the more rigid the polymer

A
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27
Q

It is a form of step-growth polymerization

A

Condensation Polymerization or Stepwise Polymerization

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28
Q

It involves the linking of monomers with double bonds

A

Addition Polymerization or Chain Growth Polymerization

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29
Q

The growth of polymer chains proceeds by an addition reaction between molecules of any size

A

Addition Polymerization or Chain Growth Polymerization

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30
Q

It is a process discovered by the Charles Goodyear in 1839

A

Vulcanization of Rubber

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31
Q

They are polymeric solids that can be formed into various shapes, usually through heat or pressure

A

Plastics

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32
Q

Who discovered the vulcanization or rubber?

A

Charles Goodyear

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33
Q

When did Charles Goodyear discover the vulcanization of rubber?

A

1839

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34
Q

It is formed from a liquid resin derived from inner bark of the Hevea Brasiliensis Tree

A

Natural Rubber

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35
Q

It can be reheated, remolded, & cooled as necessary without causing chemical changes

A

Thermoplastics

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36
Q

A material that strengthens when heated but cannot be remolded or reheated after the initial forming

A

Thermoset

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37
Q

The liquid resin that is used to make natural rubber came from what tree…

A

Hevea Brasiliensis Tree

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38
Q

TRIVIA: The following are recyclables
1. PETE
2. HDPE
3. LDPE
4. PP

A
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39
Q

TRIVIA: The following are not recyclable
1. PVC
2. PS

A
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40
Q

They are prepared by the polymerization of ethylene under high pressure (1,000 - 5,000 atm) in the presence of oxygen

A

Low-Density Polyethylene

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41
Q

Ethylene can be polymerized at 6-7 atm at 60-70 degrees Celsius in the presence of Zeigler-Natta Catalyst

A

High-Density PolyEthylene

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42
Q

They are prepared from propylene

A

Polypropylene

43
Q

It is the monomer used for the preparation of PVC

A

Vinyl Chloride

44
Q

It is obtained by the polymerization of propylene in the presence of Zeigler-Natta catalyst

A

Polypropylene

45
Q

A condensation polymer: this is the first synthetic fiber produced from simple molecules

A

Nylon 6,6 (Polyamides)

46
Q

It is prepared by free-radical addition polymerization of water emulsion of tetrafluoro ethylene at high pressure in the presence of benzoyl peroxide

A

Teflon/Fluon/PolyTetrafluoro Ethylene

47
Q

Its chemical name is Polyhexamethylene Adipamide

A

Nylon 6,6 (Polyamides)

48
Q

It is prepared by the polymerization of acrylonitrile in the presence of peroxide

A

Acrylics/Polyacrylonitrile/Pan or Orlan/Acrilan

49
Q

Are condesation polymers obtained by condensing phenol with formaldehyde in the pressure of an acid or alkali catalyst

A

Bakelite/Phenolic Resin/Phenoplast

50
Q

It is obtained by the polymerization of adipic acid with hexamethylene diamine

A

Nylon 6,6 (Polyamides)

51
Q

It is the most important and oldest of synthetic plastics

A

Bakelite/Phenolic Resin/Phenoplast

52
Q

Are polymers which contain a carbonate group as a repeating unit; it is prepared by interaction of diphenyl carbonate with bisphenol-A

A

Polycarbonate PC (Lexan, Merlon)

53
Q

Are condensation products of dicarboxylic acid with dihydroxy alcohols

A

Polyester Resins

54
Q

Are cross-linked thermosetting resins

A

Epoxy Resins/Epoxide Polymers

55
Q

It is a saturated polyester, prepared by the condensation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid

A

Polyester Resins

56
Q

Prepared by condensing epichlorohydrin with Bisphenol-A, the reactive epoxide and hydroxyl groups give three-dimensional cross-linked structure

A

Epoxy Resins/Epoxide Polymers

57
Q

Are polyesters because the monomeric units have an ether structure

A

Epoxy Resins/Epoxide Polymers

58
Q

TRIVIA: The value of “n” in Epoxy Resins/Epoxide Polymers ranges from 1-20 and the molecular weight ranges between 350 - 8,000

A
59
Q

They are materials with at least one, two, or three external dimensions in the nanoscale range of 1 to 100 nm

A

Nano-object

60
Q

It is the science of nanoparticles or particles whose size varies from 1 to 100 nm in at least one dimension

A

Nanoscience

61
Q

A nano-object with all three external dimensions in the 1 to 100 nm range and showing a property not evident in bulk materials

A

Nanoparticle

62
Q

A thousand of a micron and a micron is a thousand of a millimeter; it is a millionth of a millimeter or 10^-9 meters

A

Nanometer

63
Q

It exploits the size range for various chemical reactions and chemical purposes

A

Nanochemistry

64
Q

They are materials that have structured components with a size of less than 10nm at least in one dimension

A

Nanomaterials

65
Q

It is the design, characterization, production, and applications of structures, systems, and devices by controlling size and shape at a 10-nanometer scale or the single-atomic level

A

Nanotechnology

66
Q

Are synthesized of machined (ranges from 2nm to 100nm)

A

Nanoparticle

67
Q

What are the six properties of nanomaterials?

A

Melting Points, Optical Properties, Magnetic Properties, Mechanical Properties, Electrical Properties, and Chemical Properties

68
Q

What are the two synthetic techniques?

A

Bottom-Up Approach and Topdown Approach

69
Q

TRIVIA: nanomaterials have lower melting points and appreciably reduced lattice constants

A
70
Q

What is the sequence of Sol-Gel Technique?

A

Barbusa Vulgaris Leaves to Gel Formation to Silica Nanoparticle to Silica Nanopartile Morphology

71
Q

What is the Sol-Gel process?

A
  1. Hydrolysis
  2. Condensation
    3-4. Aging and Drying
  3. Calcination
72
Q

It involves the formation of nanomaterials from the gas phase at elevated temperatures

A

Chemical Vapor Decomposition (CVD)

73
Q

TRIVIA: The following are the applications of Synthesis of Nanoparticles

  1. Antimicrobial
  2. Cosmetics and Medical Appliances
  3. Photoimaging
  4. External Magnetic Field
  5. Various Types of Human Cancer
  6. Cell Labeling, Gene Delivery
A
74
Q

A term used to describe the mechanism in which atoms are ejected from the surface of a material when that surface is stuck by sufficiency energetic particles

A

Sputtering

75
Q

In this process, a pulsed laser vaporizes a graphite target in a high-temperature reactor while an inert gas is bled into the chamber

A

Laser Ablation

76
Q

What are the five categories of nanomaterial?

A

Fullerenes, Ceramics, Metals, Quantum Dots, and Polymers

77
Q

It is any molecule in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tubular structure composed entirely of carbon

A

Fullerene

78
Q

It is a one atom thick planar sheet or carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice

A

Graphene

79
Q

It is referred to as “BUCKY BALLS” — named after Buckminster Fuller

A

Buckminsterfullerene

80
Q

It is also known as “BUCKY TUBES” and has a cylindrical structure in the form of a tube

A

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

81
Q

It resembles a hollow spherical geodesic dome that is like a soccer ball, made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons

A

Buckminsterfullerene

82
Q

One of the most widely studied and used materials; it consists of tiny cylinders of carbon and other materials like boron nitride

A

Nanotubes

83
Q

It is comprised of 60 carbon atoms

A

Buckminsterfullerene

84
Q

What are the two structures of types of Nanotubes?

A

Single-Walled Nanotubes (SWNTs) and Multi-Walled Nanotubes (MWNTs)

85
Q

It is a type of nanotube that consists of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape

A

Multi-Walled Nanotubes

86
Q

It is an excellent conductor and consists of one tube of graphite

A

Single-Walled Nanotubes

87
Q

It is one atom thick with a diameter of 2 nm and a length of 100 micrometers

A

Single-Walled Nanotubes

88
Q

It exhibits both metallic and semi-conducting properties

A

Multi-walled Nanotubes

89
Q

Used for storing fuels such as hydrogen and methane

A

Multi-Walled Nanotubes

90
Q

What are the three structures of Single-Walled Nanotubes?

A
  1. Arm-chair Structure (metallic)
  2. Zig-zag Structure (semiconducting)
  3. Chiral Nanotubes (semiconducting)
91
Q

It is a structure of SWNTs that consists of lines of carbon bonds that are down the center

A

Zig-zig Structure

92
Q

It is a structure of SWNTs that consists of lines of hexagons that are parallel to the axis of the nanotube

A

Arm-Chair Structure

93
Q

It is a structure of SWNTs that exhibits twist or spiral around nanotubes

A

Chiral Nanotubes

94
Q

What are the four synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes?

A
  1. Pyrolysis
  2. Laser Evaporation
  3. Carbon Arc Method
  4. Chemical Vapor Deposition
95
Q

TRIVIA: The following are the properties of CNTs

  1. Very strong
  2. Atoms are continuously vibrating back and forth
  3. Highly conducting
  4. Has high thermal conductivity and kinetic properties
A
96
Q

TRIVIA: CNTs are used in

  1. Battery technology and industries
  2. Lightweight shielding materials
  3. The body for drug delivery
  4. Composites
A
97
Q

It constitute an intermediate state of matter between molecules and bulk materials

A

Nanocluster

98
Q

An aspect ratio in the range of 1-20 with short dimension of the material being 10-100 nm; it is produced by chemical synthesis

A

Nanorods

99
Q

They are smaller in diameter (4nm) and conducts electricity

A

Nanowires

100
Q

They are slightly larger in diameter than the typical nanomaterial

A

Nanofibers

101
Q

It is another form of nanomaterial and a specific type of semiconductor

A

Quantum Dots (nanocrystals)

102
Q

They can absorb light and convert into electricity and vice versa. They can also convert one color of radiation into another

A

Quantum Dots (nanocrystals)

103
Q

They are 2-10 nm in diameter

A

Quantum Dots (nanocrystals)

POLYMERS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (1 decks)

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