Polymers + Nylons - Unit 7 Flashcards
How is an ester formed?
alcohol + carboxylic acid
alcohol + acid chloride
Name the process and reaction and describe what is happening?
CH3OH + CH3COOH <–> CH3COOCH3 + H2O
1 - Condenstraion reaction - water eliminated
2 - Esterfication - Ester link formed by condesnation reaction of OH group with COOh group
3 - Reaction conditions: conc. H2SO4
4 - Reverse reaction = Ester hydrolysis
How to improve the yeild in this reaction:
CH3OH + CH3COOH <–> CH3COOCH3 + H2O
1 - Excess alcohol
2 - Water distilled off
3 - Sulfuric acid catalyst abrobrs some of the water formed
Properties of Ester?
Have strong sweet smells
Uses of Esters?
1 - Food flavourings
2 - Perfumes
3 - Solvents
Polyermisation vs condenstaion?
1 - Polymerisation -monomer + monomer –> polymer
2 - Condenstaion monomer + monomer –> polymer + smaller molecule
What two reactions forme polymers?
polymerisation and condenstaion
What is a condensation polymer?
Polymer formed from condesnation reaction
What two reactions form ester?
1 - Alchol + carboxylic acid
2 - Phenol + Acid anhydride - acud anhydirde as need more vigorus reacagnat as OH group in phenol less reacfive than OH group in alchohol
How is an amide formed?
1- NH2 group in amine reacts with COOh group in craboxylic acid in a condensation reaction
2 - Amide group - CONH formed
What are nylons AKA?
ployamides
Propeties of amines?
1 - Is a base
2 - because it can accept protons ad the lone pair of e - on the N can form a dative covalent bond with a H+ ion
3 - Small amines slightly fishy
4 - Large amines smell very fishy
What are amides?
Carboxylic acid derivitives in which the OH group on the COOH is replaced with NH2
How can polyamides/nylones be made?
1 - In a condensation reaction between a diamine and a carboxylic acid
2 - The polymaine contains amide (CONH) links between the monomers
Why is a catalyst used alongs ide water to break down ana ester?
Ester and water recat very slowly
Why is alkline hydrolysis preffered over acid?
1 - Goes to completion
2 - Non-reversable
Common acid/alaki used for hydrolysis?
Alaki - NaOH
Acid - HCl
How do amino aids vary?
Have vdifrent side chain
What is the alpha crabon?
The first carbon atatched tot he COOH
Properties amino acids?
form salts with acids
form salts with alakis
very soluble in water as basically ionic
Suoer impossible vs non-superimipssoible?
super impoissible - when you rotate the imgaine it is not the same as the right hand image
Enantomer?
non-siperimpossable mirror image molecules
Proteins?
Condenstaion poluumers formed from amino acid monomers
Use paper chromotogaohy?
Identify aminoa cids in protein
Peptid ehydrolysed under reflux and product comapred to pure smaples amnio acids using paper chromotoggaphyn