POLYMERS , NANO & CRUDE OIL

Question 1

Explain why using nano particles can be more cost effective than using larger particles

Answer 1

Fewer particles can be used to achieve the same effect

Question 2

Explain why larger molecules have high melting and boiling points than smaller ones

Answer 2

They have stronger intermolecular forces
Which require more energy to overcome

Question 3

Define hydrocarbon

Answer 3

A compound made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen only

Question 4

Describe the relationship between the side length of a cube and its surface area to volume ratio

Answer 4

As the side length decreases by a factor of 10 , the surface area to volume ratio increases by a factor of 10

Question 5

Define polymer

Answer 5

A very large molecule made of smaller molecules joined together

Question 6

State the size range for nano particles

Answer 6

1-100nm

Question 7

Explain why nano particles have different properties to larger substances

Answer 7

They have a very high surface area to volume ratio

Question 8

Name 5 fuels obtained from crude oil

Answer 8

Petrol
Diesel
Kerosene
Heavy fuel oil
Liquefied petroleum gases

Question 9

Give 3 uses of nano particles

Answer 9

Catalysts, electronics and medicine

Question 10

Name the process used to separate the compounds in crude oil

Answer 10

Fractional distillation

Question 11

Name the homologous series of hydrocarbons which makes up the majority of crude oil

Answer 11

The alkanes

Question 12

Explain how different fractions are separated from crude oil in fractional distillation

Answer 12

Crude oil is vaporised and the gases enter the fractioning column

There is a temperature gradient in the column

The gases rise up the column and condense at different levels based on their boiling points than

Question 13

Explain how crude oil and natural gas are formed

Answer 13

Ancient Plankton died and were covered in sediments

Subjected to high temperature and pressure over millions of years

Question 14

Describe the relationship between the size of a molecule and the strength of its intermolecular forces

Answer 14

The larger the molecule , the stronger it’s intermolecular forces

Question 15

Explain why polymers have high meting points relative to substances made of small molecules

Answer 15

They have much larger molecules

So stronger intermolecular forces

Which require more energy to overcome