Polymers

Question 1

What functional groups are in addition polymerization?

Answer 1

Alkene molecules (double bond)

Question 2

What functional groups are in condensation polymerization (polyesters)?

Answer 2

Dicarboxylic acid and dialcohol (forms an ester link)

Question 3

What functional groups are in condensation polymerization (polyamides)?

Answer 3

Dicarboxylic acid and diamine (forms an amide link)

Question 4

What are the properties of dispersion forces between polymer chains?

Answer 4

Dispersion forces increase with the length of polymer chains. These polymers are soft, flexible and non-elastic. They have a low melting point and can be softened and reshaped easily. Suitable for recycling.

Question 5

What are the properties of hydrogen bonds between polymer chains?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonds form between chains that have polar groups O-H, N-H and/or C-O. These polymers have greater strength, rigidity and elasticity.

Question 6

What is cross linking?

Answer 6

Cross-linking connects atoms in one polymer chain with atoms in another chain. They are strong primary covalent bonds that cannot be easily broken by heating. The greater the degree of cross-linking, the less the chains can move independently, leading to lower elasticity and flexibility, and greater hardness.

Question 7

What are polymer networks?

Answer 7

Polymer contains numerous cross-links such that the entire polymer could be one chain.

Question 8

What are the properties of thermoplastics?

Answer 8

Structure- Tangled polymer chains with weak intermolecular forces between chains (no-cross linking). Chains slide past each other, secondary bon can be easily broken then reformed.
Properties- Flexible, softens when heated and can be remolded. (Can be recycled)

Question 9

What are the properties of a thermosetting plastic?

Answer 9

Structure- Strong, primary covalent bonds between chains. Cross-linking holds polymer chains in place. High thermal energy required to break strong covalent bonds between chains.
Properties- Rigid, does not soften or change shape when heated. (Cannot be recycled)

Question 10

Write an addition polymerization reaction.

Answer 10

C=C

Question 11

Write a condensation polymerisation reaction forming a polyester.

Answer 11

dicarboxylic acid + dialcohol —–> polyester (ester link)

Question 12

Write a condensation reaction forming a polyamide.

Answer 12

dicarboxylic acid + diamide —-> polyamide (amide link)

Question 13

Draw carboxylic acid functional group.

Answer 13

__

Question 14

Draw ester functional group.

Answer 14

__

Question 15

Draw amine functional group.

Answer 15

__

Question 16

Draw amide functional group.

Answer 16

__

Question 17

Draw aldehyde functional group.

Answer 17

__

Question 18

Draw ketone functional group.

Answer 18

__

Question 19

Draw alkane, alkene, alkyne functional groups.

Answer 19

__

Question 20

Draw haloalkane functional group.

Answer 20

__

Question 21

Describe the process of addition polymerization.

Answer 21

Addition polymerization typically occurs between monomers of the same type. They have alkene functional groups (double bonds). One pair of electrons from the double bond is used to form a single C-C covalent bond between monomers, linking them together. There are no atoms lost (by-products produced) in this process.

Question 22

Describe condensation polymerization.

Answer 22

Condensation polymerization occurs with monomers with two functional groups (dicarboxylic acid + dialcohol, or dicarboxylic acid + diamine). These monomers undergo a condensation reaction which results in the loss of H2O (by-product) and the forming of a ester/amide link which holds polymer chains together.