Polymerisation Flashcards
What is polymerisation?
The joining of monomers to form long chained polymers
What is condensation polymerisation?
The monomers have two functional groups per molecule, or one monomer has two different functional group per molecule, and. they eliminate a small molecule of water or HCl.
Biodegradable as they can absorb radiation
Renewable sources
Can be hydrolysed
What is addition polymerisation?
The monomer has a carbon-carbon double bond to form one product, which is the polymer.
The π bond is broken to make the polymer.
Addition polymers are not biodegradable.
Monomers come from crude oil.
What are polyesters?
Monomers: Di-carboxylic acid and diol
Water molecule is eliminated
What are polyamides?
Monomers: Di-carboxylic acid and diamine
Water molecule is eliminated
Hydrogen bonds form between polyamide chains from H in -NH and O in C=O
What are polypeptides/proteins?
Monomers: Amino Acids (Have carboxylic acid and amine)
Water molecule is eliminated
Hydrogen bonds form between polyamide chains from H in -NH and O in C=O
Proteins have a chiral centre
Natural polymers
What is the synthetic route to form PLA?
Propanol + [O] –> propanal
Propanal + HCN –> 2-hydroxypropanenitrile
KCN under reflux
2-Hydroxypropanenitrile + Water + conc HCl under reflux –> 2-hydroxypropanoic acid + Ammonium chloride
2-hydroxypropanoic acid –> poly(lactic acid)
Hydrolysis of polyesters
Acid Hydrolysis –> alcohol + carboxylic acid
Conditions: Strong acid + Heat + Time
Basic hydrolysis –> Alcohol + Carboxylate salt
Conditions: Strong base + Heat + Time
Hydrolysis of Polyamides
Acid Hydrolysis –> Amine and carboxylic acid
Conditions: Strong acid + Heat + Time
Basic hydrolysis –> Amine and carboxylate salt
Conditions: Strong base + Heat + time
Hydrolysis of proteins
Acid hydrolysis –> Cation of amino acid (H3N+)
Conditions: Strong acid + Heat + Time
Basic Hydrolysis –> Anion of amino acid (O-)
Conditions: Strong base + heat + time
