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F332 > Polymer Revolution > Flashcards

Polymer Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Define addition in terms of polymers

A

The adding of one molecule to another with no other product, but not necessarily in a single reaction step.

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2
Q

A student needs to dry a liquid hydrogenalkane. Name a drying agent they could use.

A

anhydrous sodium sulfate

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3
Q

Name the type of polymerisation that occurs when polystyrene is made from phenylethene.

A

addition

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4
Q

What is a carbocation

A

A positively charged carbon ion

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5
Q

Explain what is meant by the term electrophile and how they bond to other compunds

A

A positively charged atom which bonds by accepting a pair of electrons

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6
Q

How to turn an alkene into an alcohol

A

By using steam with a phosphoric acid catalyst at high temperature and pressure (300 celsius and 60 atm)

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7
Q

Explain why an alcohol group could be classified as secondary.

A

The carbon which the alcohol is attacked to is bonded to two R groups

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8
Q

What is a haloalkane/ halogenalkane

A

Any alkane with at least halogen atom in place of a hydrogen

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9
Q

What is a nucleophile

A

A chemical species with a lone pair of electrons that are availed an dative covalent bond

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10
Q

Why are fluoroalkanes the slowest to hydrolyses into alcohols

A

They have the highest bond enthalpy out of the halogenalkanes

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11
Q

Describe a nucleophilic substitution

A

Where a nucleophile replaces part of the original molecule

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12
Q

Why does alcohol mix with water

A

Alcohol is a polar molecule so it mixes with water for they can both make hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

Compare fermentation to hydration of ethene when marketing alcohol

A

Fermentation is slow, low yield, uses natural products and a batch process
Hydration is fast, high yield , uses non renewable and a continuos process

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14
Q

What does the functional group of an aldehyde look like?

A

R-C=O
\
H

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15
Q

What does the functional group of a ketone look like

A

-C=O

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16
Q

What’s special about a Zielger-Natta catalyst?

A

Contains metal (aluminium) covalently bonded to organic groups

17
Q

Define isotactic

A

When all the functional groups are on the same side

18
Q

Define and describe a syndiotactic molecule

A

Groups are on alternating sides

Can coil into helices

19
Q

Describe how you would carry the process of heating under reflux in a lab

A

Boil a liquid in a container attached to e vertical condenser

20
Q

Why do we heat things under reflux

A

Increases rate of reaction
Allows boiling for a long time
Stops loss of volatiles / products / reactants
Stops liquids catching fire

21
Q

Describe how one would separate a halogenalkane layer from a water layer. The alkane is denser than water

A

by using a separating funnel and running off the lower layer

22
Q

What solution would you react a primary alcohol in to form an aldehyde

A

Potassium dichromate (VI)

23
Q

What would you get if you continued to oxidise a primary alcohol

A

A carboxylic acid

24
Q

What are the products of oxidising a secondary alcohol is potassium dichromate?

A

Ketone and water

25
Q

What is an elastomer

A

A polymer with the property of viscoelasticity, changes according to temperature

26
Q

Do alkenes tend to go through addition or substitution reactions

A

Addition

27
Q

Name the reactants and conditions needed to turn an alkene into a alcohol

A

Concentrated sulphuric acid

28
Q

What colour change would you see if you were to react a tertiary alcohol with potassium dichromate

A

None as the as the OH group will not be oxidised/ react

29
Q

What colour change would you see if you were to react a primary/ secondary alcohol with potassium dichromate

A

Orange to green as the OH group will be oxidised

30
Q

What could a high tensile polymer be used for

A

plastic bags

31
Q

how does pressure effect the rate of reaction

A

increased pressure increases number of particles per unit volume so there are more collisions per unit of time therefore increasing the rate

32
Q

what catalyst is needed to react an alkene with hydrogen at room temperature

A

platinum

33
Q

explain the meaning of the term thermoplastic

A

softens when heated

34
Q

How will a powdered catalyst increase the rate of a reaction

A

higher surface area to volume ratio so there will be more collisions per unit of time

F332 (3 decks)

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