Polyesters & Polyamides Flashcards
To make a polyester, what functional groups must the monomers have?
COOH and OH
Define condensation polymerisation
The joining of two monomers with the elimination of a small molecule such as H2O or HCl
What sort of monomers can be used to form polyesters?
1) one monomer is a dicarboxylic acid, the other is a diol
2) just one type of monomer is used, containing COOH and OH groups
What is the linkage in a polyester?
-O-C-
||
O
Give two examples of polyesters
Terylene
Poly(lactic acid)
To make a polyamide, what functional groups must the monomers have?
COOH and NH2
What types of monomers can be used to make polyamides?
1) one monomer is a dicarboxylic acid, the other monomer is a diamine
2) just one type of monomer, containing both COOH and NH2 groups
What is the linkage in a polyamide?
-N-C-
| ||
H O
Give two examples of polyamides
Nylon-6,6
Kevlar
State the uses and properties of Kevlar
Fire resistant, strong
It is used to make protective clothing eg bulletproof vests and crash helmets
Describe addition polymerisation
Addition polymers are made from one type of polymer only (always alkenes)
The only product is the polymer
Describe acid hydrolysis of polyesters
Hot aqueous acid is added eg HCl
The monomer units of the polyester are produced
Describe the alkaline hydrolysis of polyesters
Hot aqueous alkali is added eg NaOH A carboxylate (COO-Na+) salt and an alcohol is produced
Describe acid hydrolysis of polyamides
Hot aqueous acid is added eg HCl
A dicarboxylic acid and an ammonium salt of the diamine (NH3+ at both ends of molecule) are produced
Describe the alkaline hydrolysis of polyamides
Hot aqueous alkali is added A carboxylate (COO-Na+) and a diamine are formed
