Polyatomic Ions Flashcards
just an overview of charges and metal groups and all
1
Q
NH₄⁺
A
Ammonium
2
Q
NO₂⁻
A
Nitrite
3
Q
NO₃⁻
A
Nitrate
4
Q
SO₃²⁻
A
Sulfite
5
Q
SO₄²⁻
A
Sulfate
6
Q
HSO₄⁻
A
Hydrogen sulfate (Bisulfate)
7
Q
OH⁻
A
Hydroxide
8
Q
CN⁻
A
Cyanide
9
Q
PO₄³⁻
A
Phosphate
10
Q
HPO₄²⁻
A
Hydrogen phosphate
11
Q
H₂PO₄⁻
A
Dihydrogen Phosphate
12
Q
CO₃²⁻
A
Carbonate
13
Q
HCO₃⁻
A
Hydrogen Carbonate
14
Q
ClO⁻
A
Hypochlorite
15
Q
ClO₂⁻
A
Chlorite
16
Q
ClO₃⁻
A
Chlorate
17
Q
ClO₄⁻
A
Perchlorate
18
Q
C₂H₃O₂
A
Acetate
19
Q
MnO₄⁻
A
Permanganate
20
Q
Cr₂O₇²⁻
A
Dichromate
21
Q
CrO₄²⁻
A
Chromate
22
Q
O₂²⁻
A
Peroxide
23
Q
“-ate” vs. “-ite”
A
“-ate” has more oxygen than “-ite”
(e.g., Sulfate = SO₄²⁻ VS. Sulfite = SO₃²⁻ )
Chlorate (ClO₃⁻) vs. Chlorite (ClO₂⁻) follows the same pattern.
24
Q
“Hypo-“ vs. “Per-“
A
“Hypo-“ = Least oxygen (e.g., Hypochlorite = ClO⁻).
“Per-“ = Most oxygen (e.g., Perchlorate = ClO₄⁻).
25
Q
Special Cases to Remember…
A
- Ammonium (NH₄⁺) is the only common polyatomic cation (positive charge).
- Hydrogen phosphate (HPO₄²⁻) and dihydrogen phosphate (H₂PO₄⁻) are related to phosphate (PO₄³⁻).
- Bicarbonate = Hydrogen carbonate (HCO₃⁻), often found in baking soda.
