Poltical Science Final Flashcards
Letter From Birmingham Jail(Yes)
Written by Martin Luther King Jr.
Four central components in non violent campaign, collection of facts to determine injustices, negotiation, self purification, and direct action.
A just law is man made code squaring with moral law of god. Unjust law is human law not rooted in eternal law and natural law.
Bad time for blacks in the south, segregation, and less privileged.
White moderates disappoint King by wanting peace regardless of if it involves justice. Non violent protest is still relevant today, best to not act like animals and be civilized.
The Jew and Trans-national America(Yes)
Written By Randolph S. Bourne
The effects of the melting pot, influencing the Anglicizing or obliterating distinctive racial and cultural qualities, and work the U.S population into a colorless, tasteless, homogenous mass are highly undesirable. Bourne is against assimilation of all Europeans fueling the armed clash of nationalism in Europe.
Jews can be a part of any society without giving up their culture, making them the quintessential representative of the modern world.
(Jews killed in Holocaust.)
Trans Nationalism is when a group of identical culture finds a way of leading a national life without being egotistic or sub-national. Bourne favors modern transnationalism as opposed to trans-nationalism in america.
Bourne’s essay addresses unity, and nationalism which have been political issues of today, like people who abandon their nation and people that mindlessly join one.
Women and Economics
Written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Female dependency on the male. Humans are the only animal species in which this is the case. Females have a lesser economic status than men, making them slaves to men that will always see them as second class.
Peasant and savage women aren’t economically independent despite working outside of their homes. Their labor is property of another, which extends to poor, working class, and/or immigrant women’s work in America today. Being thought of separately by men, sex distinction, subordinates women, placing them in a lower class.
Women’s house work is considered their more valued form of labor due to expectation.
The People V. Hall(Yes)
The people, respondent, v George W. Hall.
Race in the U.S matters completely.
History made an understanding of the legislatures intention, science was the reason for development of Ethnology.
Scientific development is a part of history.
An act meant to help the citizen by separating him from lesser people, inequality, hierarchy, lack of freedom.
Defined by justices, blacks are any people non white and white is all caucasians excluding any other races.
Caste is used to describe non whites whom are lower classed.
Whites can call the community home any one else is a visitor and can’t call it home.
Not wanting non whites to have a place to call their own.
Dred Scott v. Sanford(Yes)
Written by Taney
Dred Scott, Virginia born slave,was sold in 1833 to John Emerson, an army surgeon in missouri who moved to free states with scott. After moving back to missouri and emerson died, in 1846 scott and his wife Harriet sued emersons widow for freedom.
Taney- Even though someone may be a state citizen, that doesn’t make them a U.S Citizen. Constitution conferred congress the right to establish a rule of naturalization. The Declaration of Independence had no intention of including enslaved blacks in the people that should be equal. Today’s interpretation however does include them. A person is entitled to property, by right to life, liberty, and property. Taneys decision protected childrens property rights.
An Address to Several Thousand Foreign-Born Citizens
Written by Woodrow Wilson
People of America took an oath of allegiance to a great body of principles and hope of the human race. America is the land of the free, compared to American community of Justice Taney, this oath is of more independence. Immigrants do not leave all countries behind but instead look to grow as people or financially or both and add to their culture. Wilson’s view of forgetting every other place isn’t necessary for U.S accepting immigrants.
Wilson is in support of people devoting themselves to America because he has an allegiance to it.
What the Social Classes Owe Each Other
Written by William Graham Sumner
Sumner believes that nature is categorized as a struggle, people have to deal with certain ills.
However nature can be thought of as desiring or something else.
Distinction of ills are significant in order to know which ones can and cannot be controlled, knowing what can be fixed.
The social classes owe each other duties by reference to the economic effects that will be produced on the classes and society. Sumner believes individuals who can’t support themselves or contribute to society through labor and capital shouldn’t share in the states political power.
He also believes poor man is an elastic term and anyone can change that about themselves if they work toward a better future.
Social structure is based on contract which is based on sufficient reason according to sumner and status is the least important social structure.
He also believes freedom is being responsible for oneself and family or else you are a burden to others.
Plutocracy, the power of wealth, and democracy, the power in numbers, go against each other.
Sumner believes we owe it to each other to guarantee rights.
Address at the Seneca Falls Convention(1848)
Written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
This address isn’t for luxury but to retain all rights and have the governed acknowledged. Her tone was very civil and orderly.
Equality and rights aren’t the same thing, they are separate and both deal with the well being of people. Stanton wishes their separate importance would be acknowledged.
She wants to get the women right to vote, because they deserve their right to equality with mindless men no better than them.
The education society is a society of education women made for young men, which Stanton is against because they made a society for the same men that claim they’re better than women.
She believes no true dignity or independence exists where there is subordination to another’s will and there is no happiness without freedom.
Stanton believes women’s rights will bring society a great and virtuous nation, there are things women can do that men can’t like be more emotional and sympathetic to those oppressed.
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton
This declaration when compared to the declaration of independence are similar and cross into similar objectives of equality and freedom but seneca falls focuses primarily on women.
The franchise allows representation and is therefore the first right of a citizen, representation is the right that brings along the others.
The declaration of independence appeals to the king of england as this declaration appeals to mankind.
Women’s grievances were that they were being treated as if they had less value than a man and didn’t deserve equal rights, being degraded by humanity.
Manifesto of the Communist Party(1848)
Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Marx and Engels start this off by trying to scare rulers and make people aware of literary, political and intellectual downfall of capitalism(individualism).
Karl Marx founded communism(everyone shares).
Bourgeousie(class). Bourgeois(man) Cougeoise(woman). Proletariat(class) Proletarian(woman).
Globalization(Unification Of The Globe).
Marx and Engels see history as the history of class struggle, if people see it that way it will lead to endless revolution.
Markets role in their theory is the increase of means of exchange(communism).
The bourgeoisie is a product of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and exchange.
Feudalism(political system, exchange of land for services).
Patriarchy(Social system in which men lead).
Modern industry converted the little workshop of a patriarchal master to the great factory of the industrial capitalist(relationship between capitalism and globalization).
Proletariat is revolutionary and makes itself the ruling class.
Capital is a social power, not personal, includes united action of members of society.
What were the two major compromises and why were both compromises made in Philadelphia necessary to enable the ratification of the constitution? Why did the founding fathers think the constitution was needed?
1- Both states and people would be represented in congress
The House of Representatives: each state would be apportioned a certain number of representatives based on the size of its population.
The Senate: each state, big or small would have two votes apiece
2- the profound and bitter conflict about slavery
Southern slave holders feared that if the congress solely represented people rather than states, they might ultimately become a minority and slavery would be abolished. The 3/5 compromise.
The framers of the constitution wanted a national government with vast new powers and speaking on behalf of the American people as a whole. Hence the phrase “We the people of the United States”. The federalists were the proponents. Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton.
-continental congress depended on the states while the constitution drew its authority directly from the people, the consent of the people.
Federalist 10
Written by James Madison
Faction is a group with adversity to the rights of others. Factions are caused by liberty and is nothing without it.
Madison frowns on factions. He believes that cant be eliminated since they come from liberty which can’t be destroyed. Madison believes the effects of factions must be controlled cause it would cure the mischiefs of it. He wants it to consist of less than a majority.
Madison is in favor of representative democracy(republic) over pure democracy, he doesn’t believe a pure democracy could cure the mischiefs of faction.
Increasing the republic would help control the effects of faction.
Federalist 51
Written by James Madison
Madison believes human nature should be controlled, the interest of man must connect with the constitutional rights of the place.
The government must control the governed and then itself, in order to limit irrational people and avoid abuse of power.
Legislative authority predominates in a republican government.
The separation of powers(legislative, executive, judicial branches) was to fix the imbalance of power.
Creating a will in the community independent from majority will stop majority from acting tyrannically in the U.S.
Republican cause is to be capable of self government.
Democracy in America
Written by Alexis de Tocqueville
Social state is considered the prime cause of most laws, customs, and ideas which control nation behavior.
Role of the laws of inheritance caused the final advance of equality.
Tocqueville believes equality in America exists through inheritance, inheriting fortune, which isn’t real equality such as same freedom and opportunities for all.
Freedom can get out of hand and start tyranny.
It’s harder to abolish slavery in the modern world than in the ancient one.
Chattel slavery(the slave and master have different origin).
Tocqueville believed prejudice still had to end after slavery did.
A persons custom and views are stronger than law.
Racism is stronger in slavery abolished states because their freedom is frowned upon and they have no land of their own.
Education girls get in free society is important.
A democratic education is needed to protect women against dangers in institutions and mores of democracy, it would make it more peaceful and orderly.
Social inequality of men and women exists due to views on nature creating both genders with physical and moral differences.
Imposing the same duties and rights on both genders would degrade both sexes.
Tocqueville focuses on inequality, not becoming equal.
What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?
Written by Frederick Douglass
Connection between the what the passover means to the emancipated people of god and what independence day and the declaration of independence mean to the U.S people. Making a biblical connection.
Douglass called independence day a birthday. Douglass thinks that the fourth of july is a false celebration because we are not yet truly independent and we are celebrating something that we are in all actuality still fighting for.
Douglass doesn’t believe he need argue more because his points can be seen clearly by all.
