POLS 351 Exam 1 Flashcards
Classical Theory
Clear authority. Focuses on top down, separating line and staff.
Problems: Distrust, devalues workers
Scientific Management Theory
Job performance, high efficiency.
Problems: increased output, distrust, underperformance, dehumanization
Behavioral Management Theory
How people should behave to motivate employees and encourage better performance
Theory X, Y, Z under BMT
X: employees are lazy, must have strict rules
Y: Employees are driven, decentralize, provide opportunity
Z: Work is part of a person, collective responsibility
Administrative Management Theory
Command and control
Systems Modern Theory
Interconnected networks. Focuses on how things interact in the system with open and closed feedback loops.
Pluralism/ Interweaving Modern Theory
Competition, complexity, questions effectiveness/ accountability
Scientific Management Movement
Relation between behaviors and organizations
Human Relations Movement
Happy workers are the most productive ones
Humanist Approach
Condemns hierarchies
Pluralist Approach
Emphasizes reality of politics. Groups seek their own interest
Formal Approach
Authority and hierarchy
Principal Agent Approach
Relationship between superiors and subordinates
Types of agencies
Regulatory and government corporations
Conflict: purpose vs clientele
An agency may cater to specific groups instead of a broader purpose
Conflict: function vs area
When the two don’t match, coordination issues
Horizontal Coordination
One level of government
Vertical Coordination
Multiple levels of government
Diagonal Coordination
Both one level and multiple level coordination, quicker way of communicating
Core Staff
provide line support and basic agency activities
Auxiliary Staff
Housekeeping
Control Staff
Help top officials get leverage over an organnization
Downsizing
Provide services for less money, focus on size, outside-in
Reengineering
efficiency, competition, top-down, customer oriented
Motivation
Total quality management, meaningful, top-down and bottom-up, focus on outputs and agenda
Position Classification Hiring Rule
Focused on job knowledge, responsibilities, ‘grade creep’
Staffing Hiring Rule
meet needs with qualifications, less to do with standardized testing
Compensation Hiring Rule
Attract new employees, hard with growing gap in private sector
Administrative Reform
Private sector R&D, Viewed states as producers of democracy
Orthodox Reform
Public servants as experts, Consolidation of departments
New Public Management Reform
Run gov. like a business, adapt quickly. Tech innovation, put customers first, competition, change.
New Public Service Reform
Emphasizes transparency, accountability. Total quality management and continuous improvement.
3 Dimensions of Orgs
Centralization, Formalization, Complexity
3 phases of Org transformations
Triage: immediate response
Search: formal plan
Crystallization: minimize inequalities and inefficiencies
