POLS 351 Exam 1

Question 1

Classical Theory

Answer 1

Clear authority. Focuses on top down, separating line and staff.
Problems: Distrust, devalues workers

Question 2

Scientific Management Theory

Answer 2

Job performance, high efficiency.
Problems: increased output, distrust, underperformance, dehumanization

Question 3

Behavioral Management Theory

Answer 3

How people should behave to motivate employees and encourage better performance

Question 4

Theory X, Y, Z under BMT

Answer 4

X: employees are lazy, must have strict rules
Y: Employees are driven, decentralize, provide opportunity
Z: Work is part of a person, collective responsibility

Question 5

Administrative Management Theory

Answer 5

Command and control

Question 6

Systems Modern Theory

Answer 6

Interconnected networks. Focuses on how things interact in the system with open and closed feedback loops.

Question 7

Pluralism/ Interweaving Modern Theory

Answer 7

Competition, complexity, questions effectiveness/ accountability

Question 8

Scientific Management Movement

Answer 8

Relation between behaviors and organizations

Question 9

Human Relations Movement

Answer 9

Happy workers are the most productive ones

Question 10

Humanist Approach

Answer 10

Condemns hierarchies

Question 11

Pluralist Approach

Answer 11

Emphasizes reality of politics. Groups seek their own interest

Question 12

Formal Approach

Answer 12

Authority and hierarchy

Question 13

Principal Agent Approach

Answer 13

Relationship between superiors and subordinates

Question 14

Types of agencies

Answer 14

Regulatory and government corporations

Question 15

Conflict: purpose vs clientele

Answer 15

An agency may cater to specific groups instead of a broader purpose

Question 16

Conflict: function vs area

Answer 16

When the two don’t match, coordination issues

Question 17

Horizontal Coordination

Answer 17

One level of government

Question 18

Vertical Coordination

Answer 18

Multiple levels of government

Question 19

Diagonal Coordination

Answer 19

Both one level and multiple level coordination, quicker way of communicating

Question 20

Core Staff

Answer 20

provide line support and basic agency activities

Question 21

Auxiliary Staff

Answer 21

Housekeeping

Question 22

Control Staff

Answer 22

Help top officials get leverage over an organnization

Question 23

Downsizing

Answer 23

Provide services for less money, focus on size, outside-in

Question 24

Reengineering

Answer 24

efficiency, competition, top-down, customer oriented

Question 25

Motivation

Answer 25

Total quality management, meaningful, top-down and bottom-up, focus on outputs and agenda

Question 26

Position Classification Hiring Rule

Answer 26

Focused on job knowledge, responsibilities, ‘grade creep’

Question 27

Staffing Hiring Rule

Answer 27

meet needs with qualifications, less to do with standardized testing

Question 28

Compensation Hiring Rule

Answer 28

Attract new employees, hard with growing gap in private sector

Question 29

Administrative Reform

Answer 29

Private sector R&D, Viewed states as producers of democracy

Question 30

Orthodox Reform

Answer 30

Public servants as experts, Consolidation of departments

Question 31

New Public Management Reform

Answer 31

Run gov. like a business, adapt quickly. Tech innovation, put customers first, competition, change.

Question 32

New Public Service Reform

Answer 32

Emphasizes transparency, accountability. Total quality management and continuous improvement.

Question 33

3 Dimensions of Orgs

Answer 33

Centralization, Formalization, Complexity

Question 34

3 phases of Org transformations

Answer 34

Triage: immediate response
Search: formal plan
Crystallization: minimize inequalities and inefficiencies