POLS 1100 (Same thing but a separate deck)

Question 1

Public Policy

Answer 1

Principles and laws enacted by government to advance societal welfare.

Question 2

Public Opinion

Answer 2

The collective attitudes and beliefs of the public on various issues.

Question 3

Citizen Journalism

Answer 3

News reporting conducted by ordinary individuals who are not professional journalists, typically using the internet and digital tools.

Question 4

Digital Citizens

Answer 4

Individuals who use the internet regularly and effectively, engaging in society, politics, and government.

Question 5

Political Action Committees / Super PACs

Answer 5

Organizations that collect and spend money to elect or defeat political candidates. Super PACs can raise unlimited sums from corporations, unions, associations, and individuals.

Question 6

Interest Group

Answer 6

Organizations formed to influence public policy in favor of the interests of their members.

Question 7

Ballot Initiative

Answer 7

A process that allows citizens to propose and vote on potential laws directly.

Question 8

Lobbying

Answer 8

The act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government, often by interest groups or lobbyists.

Question 9

Republic

Answer 9

A form of government in which the country is considered a “public matter” with officials elected by its citizens to represent their interests.

Question 10

Articles of Confederation

Answer 10

The first constitution of the United States, replaced by the U.S. Constitution due to its weaknesses, such as lack of central authority.

Question 11

Federalism

Answer 11

A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments.

Question 12

Selective Incorporation

Answer 12

A constitutional doctrine that ensures states cannot enact laws that infringe on the constitutional rights of American citizens, particularly through the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 13

Bureaucracy

Answer 13

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Question 14

Legal Precedent

Answer 14

Previous court decisions upon which legal issues are decided.

Question 15

New Media

Answer 15

Digital forms of communicating information, including internet, social media, and other digital technologies that emerged in the late 20th century.

Question 16

Equality of Opportunity/Outcomes

Answer 16

A concept in political theory where every person has the same chance to succeed (opportunity) and/or ensuring that everyone ends up at the same place (outcomes).

Question 17

Direct Democracy

Answer 17

A form of government in which citizens decide on policy initiatives directly.

Question 18

Socialism

Answer 18

A political and economic system in which the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 19

Medicare

Answer 19

A federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and over and for certain younger people with disabilities.

Question 20

Medicaid

Answer 20

A public assistance program designed to provide healthcare to low-income individuals and families.

Question 21

Foreign Policy

Answer 21

A government’s strategy in dealing with other nations.

Question 22

Domestic Policy

Answer 22

Administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a nation’s borders.

Question 23

Interest Groups

Answer 23

Organizations that seek to influence public policy to benefit specific interests without trying to gain control of the government.

Question 24

Role of Money in Politics

Answer 24

How financial contributions affect political decisions and actions, including campaign financing.

Question 25

Results of Voter ID Laws

Answer 25

The outcomes or effects these laws have on voter turnout and election integrity, often controversial for potentially disenfranchising certain voter groups.

Question 26

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 26

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Question 27

Bush v. Gore (2000)

Answer 27

Resolved the 2000 presidential election in favor of George W. Bush.

Question 28

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Answer 28

Legalized abortion nationwide.

Question 29

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 29

Established the Miranda rights for detained criminal suspects.

Question 30

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Answer 30

Invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag enforced in 48 of the 50 states.

Question 31

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Answer 31

Held that the free speech clause of the First Amendment prohibits the government from restricting independent expenditures for political campaigns by corporations, including non-profit corporations, and unions.

Question 32

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Answer 32

Struck down the sodomy law in Texas and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory.

Question 33

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Answer 33

Established the federal government’s implied powers over the states.

Question 34

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Answer 34

The first United States Supreme Court case since the New Deal to set limits on Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.

Question 35

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Answer 35

Ruled that the Constitution protected a right to privacy.

Question 36

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Answer 36

Upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Question 37

Chicago v. McDonald (2010)

Answer 37

Held that the right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" protected by the Second Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and applies to the states.

Question 38

District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

Answer 38

The Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm, unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home.

Question 39

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Answer 39

Legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

Question 40

Shelby v. Holder (2013)

Answer 40

Ruled that two provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were unconstitutional, fundamentally changing how states are monitored in their changes to voting laws.

Question 41

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 41

Established the principle of judicial review.