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Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

Pyrolysis

A

Plastic burn w/o oxygen

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2
Q

Fuel adulteration

A

Kerosine in petrol

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3
Q

Burning crop residue is crime under

A

IPC and Air & Pollution control act 1981

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4
Q

Conditions for ozone depletion

A

Low temperature

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5
Q

Noise pollution regulated under

A

Noise pollution rules / EPA 1986

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6
Q

Primary Pollutant

A

DDT, plastic, CO, CO2, NOX, SO

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7
Q

Major Air pollutants

A

Particulate matter
Fly ash
Nano particles
Black carbon
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Ozone
Ozone depleting substances
Nitrogen oxide (NOx)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Volatile organic compounds
Benzene
Benzene pollutants

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8
Q

Minor Air Pollutants

A

Lead
Ammonia (NH3)
Asbestos
Pollen
Radon

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9
Q

Asbestos

A

Carcinogenic mineral

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10
Q

EM wave spectrum

A

Gaddi XUV In My Range

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11
Q

Ionising Radiation

A

Short Wavelength -> UV, X-rays, gamma a. Power order-> Gamma>Beta>Alpha

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12
Q

Beta rays is radiation of

A

Electron that is from a decayed neutron is an unstable nucleus

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13
Q

NOx and VOC mix to give

A

Photochemical Smog

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14
Q

Acid rain formation

A

Rain SOx, NOx -> HNO3 -> Acid Rain

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15
Q

Pyrite

A

Sulphide Ore

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16
Q

Sphalerite

A

Sulphide Ore

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17
Q

cinnabar

A

Sulphide Ore

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18
Q

Top country in emitting of Sulphur dioxide (SO2) aka Black Carbon (Soot)

A

India

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19
Q

Ground Level Ozone

A

Benzene

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20
Q

Chemicals that evaporate quickly @ room temp

A

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

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21
Q

Toluene

A

Benzene Pollutants

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22
Q

Xylene

A

Benzene Pollutant

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23
Q

Styrene

A

Benzene Pollutant

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24
Q

Anti-knock agent in petrol

A

Lead

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25
Q

Rain in troposphere(80%), Engine, Ironsmelting

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO) source

26
Q

VOC + CO/NOX = O3

A

Ozone (O3) formation @ ground level

27
Q

Ozone Depleting Substance(ODS)

A

Chlorine & Bromine contain( CFCs, HCFCs, HBFCs, Halogen)
X contain x ODS (HFCs)

28
Q

Cloud Seeding

A

Spray dry ice or Silver Iodide

29
Q

Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL)

A

Aerosols clouds -> Decreases Rainfall

30
Q

Smog

A

NOX + VOC + O2 + UV –> O3(bad), PAN, oxidants like OH

31
Q

Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)

A

Removes PM from Exhaust

32
Q

Coal Gasification

A

Convert Coal into Syn Gas a. Syn Gas-> CO +H2

33
Q

Catalytic Converter

A

Reduces emissions

34
Q

Scrubbers

A

Remove aerosols from gases

35
Q

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)-

A

Amount of oxygen required to become organic & In-organic both

36
Q

Lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, copper

A

Industrial waste, causing water pollution

37
Q

‘Terror of Bengal-

A

Water hyacinth - Invasive Aquatic Species

38
Q

Amazon native weed

A

Invasive Aquatic Species

39
Q

Forked Fanwort

A

Invasive Aquatic Species

40
Q

Coliforms bacteria

A

Pollution in River Ganga

41
Q

Bregoli

A

Solution of Oil spill

42
Q

Prochlorococcus

A

Plastic pollution-> ocean’s most abundant cyanobacteria

43
Q

hypoxic zones

A

Dead zones occur 200-800 mts below the surface

44
Q

Eutrophication

A

-> Algal Bloom

45
Q

International Seabed Authority (ISA)

A

Regulates mineral activities in international seabed areas

46
Q

International Maritime Organization (IMO):

A

a. Sets global standards for safety, security, and environmental performance in shipping. b. HQ: UK

47
Q

Convention on Dumping of Wastes at Sea

A

London Convention Adopted in 1972

48
Q

Dioxin

A

Highly carcinogenic toxin Plastic Waste

49
Q

Bisphenol A

A

Diabetes, cancer

50
Q

Banned Plastics under - Plastic Waste Management Rules 2021

A

Polystyrene (thermocol), PVC banners, Plastic packaging

51
Q

Bagasse

A

Sugarcane based polythene

52
Q

Plasma gasification

A

Waste -> Energy(Syn gas)

53
Q

Biomining

A

Extracting metals from from ores using bacteria or Fungi

54
Q

Waste Minimization Circles (WMC) -

A

World Bank + MoEF

55
Q

Composite Waste Management Index: 2.0 -

A

Released by NITI Aayog
Top state/UT-> Gujarat & Puducherry

56
Q

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

A

DDT,
Endosulfan,
Chlordane,
Endrin,
Heptachlor*
Hexachlorobenzene(fungicide)
Biphenyls(PCB) -
Dioxins [DDT is banned for agricultural use in India]
- Endosulfan - insecticide -> banned under Stockholm Convention

57
Q

Bio magnify

A

Successive higher level accumulation of pesticides/pollutants

58
Q

bio-accumulate

A

Increase of the percentage of the pollution in an organism

59
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Toxin during algal bloom

Environment (6 decks)

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