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APES > Pollution > Flashcards

Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

Acid Precipitation

A

Acid rain, acid hail, acid snow; all of which occur as a result of pollution in the atmosphere

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2
Q

Acute Effect

A

The effect caused by a short exposure to a high level of toxin

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3
Q

Catalytic Converter

A

A platinum-coated device that oxidizes most of the VOCs and some of the CO that would otherwise be emitted in exhaust, converting them to CO2

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4
Q

Closed-loop recycling

A

When materials, such as plastic or aluminum, are used to rebuild the same product; e.g., the use of the aluminum from aluminum cans to produce more aluminum cans

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5
Q

Composting

A

A process that allows the organic material in soil waste to be decomposed and reintroduced into the soil, often as fertilizer

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6
Q

Building-related Illness

A

When the signs and symptoms of an illness can be attributed to a specific infectious organism that resides in the building

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7
Q

Chronic Effect

A

An effect that results from long-term exposure to low levels of toxin

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8
Q

Delaney Clause

A

A part of the Food Additives Amendment of 1958 that specifically bans any food additives found to cause cancer in humans or in animal testing

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9
Q

Deep Well Injection

A

Drilling a hole in the ground below the water to hold waste

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10
Q

Disease

A

Occurs when infection causes a change in the state of health

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11
Q

Dose-response Analysis

A

A process in which an organism is exposed to a toxin at different concentrations, and the dosage that causes the death of the organism is recorded

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12
Q

Dose-response Curve

A

The result of graphing a dose-response analysis

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13
Q

ED50

A

The point at which 50% of the test organisms show a negative effect from a toxin

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14
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

The governmental body in the US that regulates food and related products

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15
Q

Global Warming

A

An intensification of the greenhouse effect due to the increased presence of heat-trapping gasses in the atmosphere

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16
Q

Gray Smog (industrial smog)

A

Smog resulting from emission from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal

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17
Q

Hazardous Waste

A

Any waste that poses a danger to human health and therefore must be dealt with in a different way from other types of waste

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18
Q

Heat Islands

A

Urban areas that heat up more quickly and retain heat better than nonurban areas

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19
Q

High-level Radioactive Waste

A

Radioactive wastes that produce high levels of ionizing radiation

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20
Q

Industrial Smog

A

Gray Smog

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21
Q

Infection

A

The result of a pathogen invading a body

22
Q

LD50

A

The poing at which 50% of the test organisms die from a toxin LEACHATE - the liquid that percolates to the bottom of a landfill

23
Q

Low-level Radioactive waste

A

Radioactive wastes that produce low levels of ionizing radiation

24
Q

Noise Pollution

A

Any noise that causes stress of has the potential to damage human health

25
Q

Non-point source pollution

A

Pollution that does not have a specific point of release

26
Q

Open-loop recycling

A

When materials are reused to from new products

27
Q

Ozone Holes

A

The thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica (and to some extent, over the Arctic)

28
Q

Pathogens

A

Bateria, virus, or other microorganisms that can cause disease

29
Q

Photochemical Smog

A

Usually formed on hot, sunny days when NOx compounds, VOCs, and ozone combine to form smog with a brownish hue

30
Q

Point source pollution

A

A specific location from which pollution is released; e.g., a factory where wood is being burned

31
Q

Poison

A

Any substance that has an LD50 of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight

32
Q

Physical Treatment

A

In a sewage treatment plant, the initial filtration that is done to remove debris such as stones, sticks, rags, toys, and other objects that were flushed down the toilet

33
Q

Primary Pollutants

A

Pollutants that are released directly into the lower atmosphere

34
Q

Primary Treatment

A

When physically treated sewage water is passed into a settling tank, where suspended solids seperate and settle out

35
Q

Risk Assessment

A

Calculating risk, or the degree of likelihood, that a person will become ill upon exposure to a toxin or pathogen

36
Q

Risk Management

A

Using strategies to reduce the amount of risk; e.g., the likelihood that a person will become ill upon exposure to a toxin or pathogen

37
Q

Secondary Pollutants

A

Pollutants that are formed by the combination of primary pollutants in the atmosphere

38
Q

Secondary Treatment

A

The biological treatment of wastewater in orfer to continue to remove biodegradable waste

39
Q

Sick Building Syndrome

A

A condition in which the majority of a building’s occupants experience certain symptoms that vary with the amount of time spent in the building, without being able to identify a specified cause or illness

40
Q

Sludge

A

The solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage

41
Q

Sludge Processor

A

A tank filled with aerobic bacteria that’s used to treat sewage

42
Q

Solid Waste

A

Can consist of hazardous waste, industrial solid waste, or muncipal waste; many types of solid waste provide a threat to human health and the environment

43
Q

Stationary Sources

A

Non-moving sources of pollution, such as factories

44
Q

Superfund program

A

A program funded by the federal government and a trust funded by taxes on chemicals; identifies pollutants and cleans up hazardous waste sites

45
Q

Threshold dose

A

The dosage level of a toxin at which a negative effect occurs

46
Q

Toxicity

A

The degree to which a substance is biologically harmfull

47
Q

Toxin

A

Any substance that is inhaled, ingested, or absorbed at dosages sufficient to damage a living organism

48
Q

Tropospheric Ozone

A

Ozone that exists in the troposphere

49
Q

U.S. Noise Control Act

A

Gave the EPA power to set emission standards for major sources of noise, including transportation, machinery, and construction

50
Q

Vector

A

The carrier organism through which pathogens can attack, such as a tick

51
Q

Wastewater

A

Any water that has been used by humans; this includes human sewage, water drained from showers, tubs, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, water from industrial processes, and storm water runoff

52
Q

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Program

A

When the energy released from waste incineration is used to generate electricity

APES (7 decks)

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