Pollinization Flashcards
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen to the ovary in flowering plants
- different species uses different methods
What characteristics of flowers are bees attracted to?
- attracted by sweet fragrance
- flowers are open and broad tubes
- brightly colored
- bees must land to feed so flowers need a landing platform
What characteristics of flowers are beetles attracted to?
- fruity fragrance
- light colored petals
- large landing surface
What characteristics of flowers are butterflies attracted to?
- fragrance
- land to feed
- flowers have long tubular corolla
- pastel colors
- nectar spur at the bottom of corolla
What characteristics of flowers are flies attracted to?
- rotting fragrance
- rotting meat colors
What characteristics of flowers are birds attracted to?
- red and yellow petals
- hanging down flowers
- tubular corolla
- lack of landing discourages insects
- pollen carried onfeathers
- long stamen and pistil
What characteristics of flowers are moths attracted to?
- fragrance emitted during evening
- white and cream colors
- land to feed
- orchids are orientated upright
- orchids have pouch-like nectar spur
What does wind play in pollination?
- reduced or absent petals that restricts airflow
- filaments allow stamens to rock back and forth
- large amounts of lightweight dry pollen
- pistils have branched feathery stigmas
What is pollination in terms of fertilisation?
Pollination is the actual transfer of the pollen from
the stamens to the stigma.
Explain the steps of fertilisation in plants.
- Pollen lands on sticky stigma
- Pollen grain is able to complete development, germinating and growing a pollen tube that extends down to ovary
- Pollen tube enters ovule through micropyle
- One sperm fuses with egg to form zygote
- Second sperm fuses with two polar nuclei within the embryo sac to produce the endosperm tissue (double fertilisation)
- Many ovules in ovary so many pollen grains needed before the entire ovary can develop
Why do plants disperse seeds?
To expand their range.
List the agents of seed dispersal.
- seed itself (fruit or attached structure)
- wind
- water
- animals
