Politics & Ideology

Question 1

A form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.

Answer 1

Aristocracy

Question 2

Belief or attitude that individuals who have a certain ancestry, intrinsic quality, high intellect, wealth, special skills, or experience, are more likely to be constructive to society as a whole, and therefore deserve influence or authority greater than that of others.

Answer 2

Elitism

Question 3

A system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control

Answer 3

Autocracy

Question 4

A type of government as well as an economic system (a way of creating and sharing wealth). In this system, individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create.

Answer 4

Communism

Created by Karl Marx

Working class owns everything
No wealthy or poor
Community distributes what it produces

Question 5

Favouring free enterprise, private ownership, and traditionalist values and beliefs.

Answer 5

Conservative

• Right wing
• traditionalist
• unprogressive
• fundamentalist

Question 6

An official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people’s needs.

Answer 6

Bureaucrat

Question 7

Policy or ideology of extending a nation’s rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas.

Answer 7

Imperialism

Question 8

An ethical and philosophical theory that states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, which is usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

Answer 8

Utilitarian

Question 9

A state of fairness in which job applicants are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers or prejudices or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified. According to this often complex and contested concept, the intent is that the important jobs in an organization should go to the people who are most qualified – persons most likely to perform ably in a given task – and not go to persons for reasons deemed arbitrary or irrelevant such as upbringing, having well-connected relatives or friends, religion, sex, ethnicity, race, or involuntary personal attributes such as disability, age, gender identity, or sexual orientation.

Answer 9

Equality of opportunity

Question 10

A form of radical, right-wing, authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy

Answer 10

Fascism

Question 11

An economic system. That is, it is a system for dealing with money and wealth. Citizens, not governments, own and run companies. These companies compete with other companies for business. They decide which goods and services to provide. They also decide how much to charge for the goods and services and where to sell them. Companies do all these things to make money for their owners.

Answer 11

Capitalism

Question 12

A class of rights that protect individuals’ freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one’s entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.

Answer 12

Civil rights

Question 13

An anti-authoritarian political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary, cooperative institutions and the rejection of hierarchies those societies view as unjust.
These institutions are often described as stateless societies.

Answer 13

Anarchism

Question 14

A way to organize a society. It deals mostly with the economy, or the part of a society that creates wealth. The goal is to spread wealth more evenly and to treat all people fairly. Most have agreed that the government, not individuals, should control at least some businesses and property in this system.

Answer 14

Socialism

Workers earn wages
Government owns means of production

Question 15

Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Answer 15

Egalitarian

Question 16

A tendency for people of a particular religion, race, social background, etc., to form exclusive political alliances, moving away from traditional broad-based party politics.

Answer 16

Identity politics

Question 17

The moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. They promote the exercise of one’s goals and desires and so value independence and self-reliance and advocate that interests of the individual should achieve precedence over the state or a social group

Answer 17

Individualism

Question 18

A state in which people have approximately the same material wealth and income, or in which the general economic conditions of their lives are alike.

Answer 18

Equality of outcome

Question 19

On the left wing of politics — the opposite of a conservative. More tolerant of change. Freedom and openness.

Answer 19

Liberal

Question 20

A political philosophy that holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort, and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender, age, or wealth.

Advancement in such a system is based on performance, as measured through examination or demonstrated achievement.

Answer 20

Meritocracy

Question 21

A cultural value that is characterized by emphasis on cohesiveness among individuals and prioritization of the group over self.

Answer 21

Collectivism

Question 22

A form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. Individual freedoms are subordinate to the state and there is no constitutional accountability and rule of law under this regime.
Only concerned with political power and as long as that is not contested it gives society a certain degree of liberty.

Answer 22

Authoritarianism

Question 23

A political concept of a mode of government that prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life.

Answer 23

Totalitarianism

Question 24

A form of government in which a group, generally a group of people comprising a dynasty, embodies the country’s national identity and its head exercises the role of sovereign. In most cases the top position is inherited and lasts until death or abdication.

Answer 24

Monarchy

Question 25

A political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups. Emphasises the idea of “the people” and often juxtaposes this group against “the elite”.

Answer 25

Populism