Politics - Exam Revision

Question 1

Sovereignty

Answer 1

Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised borders.

Question 2

Globalisation

Answer 2

Refers to acceleration and intensification of exchanges of goods, services, labour and capital, which promote global interdependence.

Question 3

Crisis Diplomacy

Answer 3

Refers to negotiations between actors in the global political arena in response to an immediate crisis.

Question 4

International Cooperation

Answer 4

Refers to occasions when global actors collaborate and interact with each other in the pursuit of reciprocal common ideals, goals and interests.

Question 5

International Law

Answer 5

Traditionally only relating to states, international law is a body of rules established by custom or written legal agreements that are accepted as binding upon the international community.

Question 6

Justice

Answer 6

Refers to the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness and equity that, importantly, also seeks punishment and/or compensation when these ethics are breached.

Question 7

Pragmatism

Answer 7

Refers to a school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by an ideological principle, as opposed to practical and pragmatic considerations.

Question 8

Idealism

Answer 8

A school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by practical considerations, as opposed to a particular ideology.

Question 9

Trade

Answer 9

Refers to the manipulation of the exchange of goods, services, labour and capital to influence the actions of another state.

Question 10

Global Governance

Answer 10

A political concept which advocates solving international disputes by consensus between states on a world level.

Question 11

Diplomacy

Answer 11

Diplomacy is the art, the science, and the means by which nations, groups, or individuals conduct their affairs, in ways to safeguard their interests and promote their political, economic, cultural or scientific relations, while maintaining peaceful relationships.

Question 12

Ethics

Answer 12

Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour.

Question 13

Realism

Answer 13

Realism involves states (and other non state actors) prioritising their specific interests and their needs over those of the global community.

Question 14

Cosmopolitanism

Answer 14

Cosmopolitanism reflects a desire among global actors to cooperate to reach common goals and outcomes to meet challenges that are presented to the global community.

Question 15

Unilateralism

Answer 15

Refers to the policy of a state acting alone in regards to upholding/defending their national interest, with little or no regard for the views or interests of other global actors.

Question 16

Multilateralism

Answer 16

Refers to a system of coordinating relations between three or more global actors, usually in pursuit of specific objectives.

Question 17

ICERD - Article 1

Answer 17

Any form of distinctions, exclusion, based on race, which has the intent or effect of negating or damaging the recognition.

Question 18

ICERD - Article 2(d)

Answer 18

Each state party shall prohibit and bring to an end racial discrimination by any persons, group or organisations.

Question 19

NPT - Article 1

Answer 19

NWS must not transfer, assist, or induce NNWS to acquire nuclear weapons.

Question 20

NPT - Article 2

Answer 20

NNWS must not receive, manufacture, or acquire nuclear weapons.