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Politics > Politics exam 1102 > Flashcards

Politics exam 1102 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main assumptions of idealism

A
  1. The nature of a state is good - comprised of people that are inherently good
  2. Collaboration of other states is possible
  3. A lack of knowledge causes war
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2
Q

What are the main assumptions of realism

A
  1. The nature of a state is bad
  2. Collaboration between other states is not possible
  3. Balance of power
  4. Maximisation of national interest
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3
Q

Realism: What causes/prevents war?

A
  1. Inability of a state to appreciate its limits
  2. Natural phenomenon
  3. Alliances form to prevent war
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4
Q

What are the assumptions of Neo-Realism?

A

The structure of the international system forces the state to behave in certain ways

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5
Q

International political economy (question?)

A

How are power and wealth related in the distribution of scarce resources

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6
Q

Explanation of IPE

A

Not a single approach or a set of approaches - its proponents are borrowed from many other fields, and it is by definition interdisciplinary.

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7
Q

What are the three main approaches of IPE?

A
  1. Statism
  2. Critical
  3. Liberalism
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8
Q

What are the core assumptions of IPE?

A
  1. Political and economic domains can’t be separated
  2. There is an intimate connection between the domestic and international level of analysis - the 2 can not be meaningfully separated
  3. Political interaction is one of the principle means through which the economic structures of the market are established and in turn transformed
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9
Q

Pre 1914 economy - (three points)

A
  1. Infant world emerged in the late 15th and early 16th centuries - by monarchs increasing wealth and power by extending their market through the building of empires
  2. Industrial revolution facilitated the movement of goods, people and ideas - saw millions of people migrate along with substantial capital flow
  3. Gold standard (price of currencies) was fixed - creating certainty for trade
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10
Q

Key points:

A
  1. IPE is the study of the relationship between economics and politics in world affairs
  2. States acting in a coordinated manor to manage trade and investment leads to high economic growth
  3. The US, as the hegemony, has played a central role in shaping the global economic governance since WWII
  4. Crisis has served as a transition point by promoting reforms in economic governance
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11
Q

When did Japan replace the UK as Australia’s main trading partner

A

1966/67

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12
Q

What was the “Asian Miracle”

A

Unprecedented economic growth _ development

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13
Q

What did Keating say about the ‘Asian engagement policy’

A

More then just economics - political, cultural and social links

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14
Q

Examples of regional institutional building

A

APEC, APC and the ARF - rather ineffective expressions of this

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15
Q

Who’s Australia’s current #1 trading partner

A

China

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16
Q

What is a security dilemma?

A

When one state increases its security so that it causes other states to fear aggression and increase their security - leading to a domino effect and potential for war/conflict
E.g. COLD WAR

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17
Q

What is geopolitics about

A

About security, grand strategy and important of geography

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18
Q

How bas ASEAN reflected geopolitics lately

A

responding to the actions of great powers in the broader Asia Pacific region

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19
Q

When was ASEAN founded

A

1967

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20
Q

Definition(s) of globalisation

A
  1. ‘A process of increased interconnectedness… between societies such that events in one part of the world can effect societies far away…‘(Baylis, Smith and Owens 2014)
  2. ‘A historical progress…’ (McGrew)
  3. ‘Refers to the acceleration and intensification of mechanisms (Griffiths & O’Callaghan)
21
Q

Forms of globalisation

A
  1. Social
  2. Cultural
  3. Economic
  4. Political
22
Q

Facilitators of globalisation:

A
  1. Internet
  2. Social media
  3. Global media
  4. Transport technologies
  5. Global capitalism
  6. Other economic progresses
23
Q

Non-state actors and globalisation

A

Operate and facilitated by the process of globalisation

E.G. (Al Qaeda - contemporary non state actor)

24
Q

What are the main debates and critiques of globalisation?

A
  1. Not a knew world thing - intensification of history
  2. Culture hegemony - US/Hollywood culture predominantly promoted
  3. Equality: Benefits the rich at the poor’s expense
  4. Good + bad flows - Facilitates the spread of disease. transnational crime, terrorism etc
  5. Accountability: Non state actors are less accountable then state actors
25
Q

How many people are there in Africa

A

Over 1 billion people - 1/7 of the world population

26
Q

How many different languages in Africa

A

2000

27
Q

How many countries in Africa

A

55 countries - 1/4 of the world

28
Q

How many of the worlds fastest growing economies are in Africa

A

6 - 7

29
Q

Percentage of global minerals in Africa

A

30%

30
Q

How many of the low human development in Africa

A

37 out of 42 low human developments

31
Q

What is the conflict situation in Africa

A

Remains one of the most conflict prone zones in the world - Islam terrorism growing over the last 10 years

32
Q

Causes of conflict in Africa

A
  1. Colonial and cold war legacies and ongoing external influences
  2. Nature of leadership and governance
  3. Ethnic and religious tensions and radicalisation
  4. Under development and competition for resources
33
Q

What are the international responses to the African situation

A
  • UN - since the end of the cold war
  • 1944 Kwandan Genocide: 800,000 people killed in 80 days “Responsibility to protect doctrine”
  • Govt of every state has the responsibility to protect their people first. If they fail to do so the sovereignty of their country is temporarily suspended
34
Q

What are the regional responses to the African situation

A
  • 2002 African Union (AU) replaced the Organization for African Unity (OAU) “African solutions for African problems”
  • AU constitutive Act contains the ‘right to intervene’ in African states in grave circumstances
  • Development of the ‘African Peace and Security Architecture’
35
Q

What made it possible to invade Iraq despite it having no nuclear weapons

A
  • Bush Doctrine: America is a unipolar power - will make sure nuclear weapons are not proliferated
36
Q

What was the Iraq war? What did it cost?

A
  1. War on terror but US as an invader

2. Cost: Economic, military, moral

37
Q

What are the agreements to stop global warming

A
  1. 1992 UN Framework Convention (RIO)

2. 1997 Kyoto Protocol

38
Q

Why is it important to continue trying to reduce global warming?

A
  1. Greenhouse gasses keep rising 4 degrees plus
  2. Little drop in per capita omissions
    (Chinas per capita omissions = EU)
  3. CO2 concentrations in atmosphere - 403 parts per million
39
Q

Annex I?

A

40 industrialised countries. Binding emission reduction targets

40
Q

Annex II?

A

23 Annex countries provide financial assistance

41
Q

Non-Annex I?

A

Developed countries not bound/has no targets

42
Q

What did the German Chanellor Markel @ the Potsdam conference say

A

1) 4 tons of CO2 per capita
2) Average of 9 tons in Europe
3) Germany 11 tons
4) America 20 tons
5) China 5.3 tons

43
Q

Global C02 emissions per country - 1st and 2nd

A
  1. China

2. US

44
Q

Global CO2 emissions per capita

A
  1. Aus

13. China

45
Q

Vertical proliferation

A
  • increased production of nuclear weapons within a state that already posses them
46
Q

Nuclear non-proliferation treaty

A
  • Moscow 1968. Ratified by 40 states
  • Came into force March 1970
  • Now ratified by all significant states except - Israel, India, Pakistan
  • North Korea withdrew 2003
47
Q

Horizontal proliferation

A

new states start producing nuclear weapons

48
Q

NPT?

A

Focus’ on threat of horizontal proliferation

49
Q

NPT article 6?

A

Applies to all states that have an obligation to negotiate disarmament (1887)

Politics (3 decks)

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