Politics Flashcards
A collection of people in a specific territory who share the same norms, values, and culture
What is society
Society works together with the guidance of social norms to maintain harmony.
Define cultural variations and social differences.
Differences in social behaviors exhibited by different cultures around the world
Good etiquette in one culture may be considered bad etiquette in another.
What does sex refer to?
Physical attributes, notably sex organs, which are biologically determined
Sex is relatively fixed through time and across cultures.
What are the biological differences in sex?
Chromosomal structure, hormone production, internal and external reproductive organs
Females have XX chromosomes, and males have XY chromosomes.
What does gender encompass?
Social, cultural, psychological characteristics assigned to males and females
It categorizes appropriate behaviors and traits for men and women.
What are gender roles?
Culturally assigned tasks and activities to sexes
Males may be assigned demanding activities, while females handle domestic chores.
What is the sex-gender system?
Traditionally equates sex with gender roles, which is not always the case in contemporary society
Gender is a product of society’s culture and adaptation.
Define socioeconomic class.
A category that groups people into similar economic, social, cultural, and political status
It reflects the distribution of wealth and power in society.
What are the three socioeconomic classes in contemporary Filipino society according to Zaide (2005)?
Upper, Middle, Lower
Upper class: 10%, Middle class: 20%, Lower class: 70%.
What is the bourgeois?
Owners of the means of production who accumulate wealth without working
They possess monetary, land, and technological capital.
Who are the proletariat?
Those who do not own the means of production and must sell their labor to survive
They are typically the working class.
What is economic capital?
Financial resources that an individual possesses
Examples include money, assets, properties, and savings.
Define social capital.
A network of an individual’s social relations that may be helpful in the future
Examples include relationships with peers, family, and community members.
What is cultural capital?
Combination of knowledge, behaviors, and skills acquired to demonstrate cultural competence
Includes both material (books, computers) and non-material (degrees, job titles) aspects.
What is an ethnic group?
A specific group of people with similar characteristics and a distinct cultural identity
This distinguishes them from other groups in society.
Define ethnicity.
The shared culture of a group, including heritage, language, religion, and traditions
Ethnicity encompasses norms, values, and practices.
What is race?
A socially constructed category attributed to people with the same biological traits
Common racial categories include Caucasian, Mongoloid, Negroid, and Austronesian.
Define religion.
A system of beliefs, worldviews, and practices related to humanity and spirituality
It often encompasses moral and ethical guidelines.
What is animism?
The belief that spiritual forces reside in natural elements of the physical world
Examples include trees, oceans, and wind.
What are prejudices?
Negative attitudes, beliefs, and judgments towards categories of people based on preconceived assumptions
They are not based on reason or evidence.
Define stereotypes.
Faulty generalizations and oversimplified assumptions about an entire group of people
Stereotypes are often based on little or no evidence.
What are minority groups?
Collective groups distinguished and treated as subordinates by the dominant group
This is often based on physical or cultural characteristics.
What does disability refer to?
The interaction of an individual’s health condition with environmental factors causing difficulties in activities
It affects interaction with others.
Define exceptionality.
Describes how an individual’s specific abilities and functioning differ from the established average
This can be physical, intellectual, or behavioral.
