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A level History- Britain > Politics > Flashcards

Politics Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the PM in 1918? What party did they belong to?

A

David Lloyd George, a member of the Liberal Party.

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2
Q

When was the Representation of the People Act passed?

A

June 1917

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3
Q

How many votes were for and against the Representation of the People Act in the House of Commons?

A

The large majority of 385 votes were for and only 55 were against.

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4
Q

What were the consequences of the 1918 Representation of the People Act?

A
  • Electorate trebled in size from 7.7 million in 1910 to 21.4 million in 1918.
  • 43% of the electorate were women.
  • 80% of the electorate were working class.
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5
Q

What was the First Past The Post (FPTP)?

A

A voting system used to elect MPs to the UK Parliament that means voters vote for the MP that they want to run their constituency (this favours a two-party contest).

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6
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

Where the % of seats in parliament matches the % of votes gained.

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7
Q

What are 6 of the Main Liberal Party beliefs?

A
  1. Government intervention in the economy (opposite to free market or laissez faire).
  2. Nationalisation of industry- the process of taking privately controlled companies, industries, or assets and putting them under the control of the government
  3. Redistribution of wealth from rich to poor through taxes
  4. Increased rights for workers
  5. Welfare state
    6 Party of the working class
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8
Q

When was Asquith replaced as Prime Minister by David Lloyd George?

A

On the 7th of December 1916.

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9
Q

What was the Coupon Election and when did it happen?

A

A general election announced on the 14th of November 1918. Lloyd George relied on the conservatives.

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10
Q

What caused The Maurice Debate?

A

General Maurice accused Lloyd George of lying to the Parliament about the troop strengths on the Western Front.

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11
Q

What did the Conservatives decide in The Carlton Club Meeting?

A

Conservatives decide to abandon George Lloyd.

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12
Q

What was the Cash for Honours Scandal and when did it happen?

A

A scandal in 1922 where Lloyd George sold knighthoods for £10,000 each, mostly to criminals, and kept the money.

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13
Q

What was Lloyd George accused of in the Crisis in Chanak (1922) that was problematic soon after WW1?

A

Warmongering against Turkey.

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14
Q

What did Grigory Zinoziev’s supposed letter to the British Communist Party do that evoked fear?

A

Recognise the Soviet Union as a country.

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15
Q

What were the 5 main Labour Party beliefs?

A

1) Individual freedom

2) Individual initiative and responsibility

3) Minimum standard of living for everyone

4)Nationalisation of industry

5) Heavy taxation of large incomes and of wealth

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16
Q

Reasons Labour replaced Liberals as the main opposition party

A

1) The 1918 Representation of the People Act increased number of working-class voter’s

2) WW1 led to increase in trade union membership, who founded the Labour Party.

3)Liberal Party split meaning they were less appealing to voters.

4) The FPTP system favours a two-party system. Liberals lost their place as the main opposition, finding it difficult to recover.

5) The Carlton Club Meeting made the Liberal Party look weak to the electorate.

6) The “Cash for Honours” scandal made the Liberal Party look corrupt.

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17
Q

4 reasons for Conservative success in the 1920s

A

1) Changes to the franchise (Representation of the People Act)- the voting system.

2) Problems within the Opposition

3) The Conservative leadership

4) Economic policy

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18
Q

What is the National Government?

A

The coalition of some or all the major parties created if there is a national crisis.

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19
Q

Why was the National Government formed in 1931?

A

The wall street crash in New York, 1929 lead to a global economic decline. MacDonald and his Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Snowden believed cuts in spending were necessary, so the party split. MacDonald was expelled (becoming a PM without a party) so he forms a National Government from the 3 main parties with himself as PM after negotiations with the Liberals and Conservatives. Baldwin supported him as he thought he would be blamed/scapegoated if it failed.

20
Q

What is a coalition?

A

A group operating or working together to form a government.

21
Q

Who was PM between 1931-35?

A

McDonald

22
Q

Was MacDonald’s Premiership successful?

A

He was succsessful with mantaining trade with the Commonwealth but later ruined his reputation (masking his earlier achievements). His premiership was dominated by attempts to alleviate the Great Depression, implementing the spending cuts that had originally split the Labour Party in 1931.
- This led to a mutiny in the Royal Navy at Invergordon.

23
Q

Who replaced MacDonald as PM?

A

Stanley Baldwin

24
Q

The Communist Party only had ____ members by 1934 but they organised the National __________ Workers’ Movement which represented hundreds of thousands of _______.

A
  1. 9,000
  2. Unemployed
  3. workers
25
Q

Was the Communist Party successful?

A

They weren’t very successful because they had low number of members and prioritised Moscow over Britain.

26
Q

What was the strategy the Communist Party used to increase their success?

A

Entryism- Communists joined the Labour Party, hiding their true loyalties.

27
Q

What was The Fabian Society?

A

A left-wing liberal group, historically related to radicalism. The Fabian Society was one of the founding organizations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900.

28
Q

Were the Fabian Socialists successful?

A

The Fabian Society has had a powerful influence on British politics- specifically upon the Labour Party which grew from it. Many Fabian Socialists visited the Soviet Union and believed it was a success. Two examples include Sidney and Beatrice Webb.

29
Q

Who was Oswald Mosley?

A

Britain’s most notorious fascist who became leader of the BUF in 1931 once the New Party became increasingly influenced by fascism.

30
Q

When was the BUF formed?

A

In April he ended the New Party, but preserved its youth movement, forming the core of the BUF in 1932.

31
Q

What did the BUF believe in?

A

In “selective pacifism” which meant they argued against war when it was not in defence of the UK and was non-interventionist.
- It believed the only threat to the British Empire was from the Soviet Union.

32
Q

What was The Battle of Cable Street and when did it happen?

A

This was a dispute on October 4 1936 between the Metropolitan Police (sent to protect a march led by Oswald Mosley) in the East End of London and various anti-fascist demonstrators. This included local trade unionists, communists, anarchists, British Jews.

33
Q

Was the BUF successful?

A

The BUF in Britain faced strong resistance from anti-fascists such as the local Jewish community and the Labour Party. However, the BUF found a following in East London which led to the BUF obtaining reasonably successful results in the London County Council elections of March 1937.

34
Q

What was the war cabinet?

A

A group of 5 men (Churchill, as well as 2 Conservative and 2 Labour ministers) that was set up to make quick decisions about the war.

35
Q

Give an example of a new ministry created during WW2.

A

Lord Beaverbrook (a newspaper magnate) became the Minister of Aircraft Production despite having no prior political experience.

36
Q

What was the Emergency Powers Act?

A

An act that gave wide-ranging powers to the government over the British people in May 1940.

37
Q

What was The Beveridge Report (1942)?

A

A report that set out a vision where state welfare conquers the ‘5 evils’: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness, and disease.

It forms the basis of today’s welfare state and set an image of post-war Britain.

38
Q

Who won The 1945 Election results?

A

Clement Atlee becomes PM (Labour wins)

39
Q

What were the reasons for Labour’s defeat?

A

Reasons for Labour’s defeat:

1) Heavy economic and financial difficulties.

2) Exhausted after 6 years in office.

3) Divisions within the party.

4) Image of rationing and high taxation.

5) Participation in the Korean war angered Labour’s left wing.

40
Q

What advantages did the Conservative party have over the Liberal party?

A
  1. Recovery from their 1945 defeat.
  2. New bright young MPs
  3. Used the unpopular nationalisation of iron and steel as a platform for opposition attacks.
41
Q

What was The “Post-War Consensus”?

A

A period between 1951 and 1979 where there is agreement on how to proceed by both Conservatives and Labour.

42
Q

What were the 4 categories in which the Post-War Consensus existed?

A
  1. A mixed economy (half nationalised, half private) based upon Keynesianism
  2. The existence of the welfare state
  3. Good relations between industry, the government, and trade unions
  4. Full employment, although with inflation.
43
Q

How did WW2 contribute towards the beginning of the Post-War Consensus?

A

It brought the conservative and labour ministers together in a successful National Government, proving to be an important foundation for the Post-War Consensus.

44
Q

To what extent were Attlee’s reforms “radical” and how did this contribute to the Post-War Consensus?

A

Attlee’s reforms were not as radical as they could’ve been seeing as he wanted to create a middle-way. This contributed to the Post-War Consensus because many Conservatives could accept this.

45
Q

Why did the Conservative PM’s between 1951 and 1963 continue with the Post-War Consensus?

A

They wanted to improve the life of the average person.

A level History- Britain (6 decks)

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