Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Political Theory > Political Theorists > Flashcards

Political Theorists Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hobbes view of human nature

A

Egotistic/selfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Hobbes think of the state of nature

A

“solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Hobbes mean by an absolute sovereign?

A

Takes power from social contract not divine right, set up by indvs to escape violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Locke believe about how the govt should run

A

based on consent of those it governs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Locke mean by natural rights

A

indvs equal born w certain “inalienable” rights, god-given, = life,liberty and property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Locke believe about the divine right of kings

A

rulers who fail to protect people’s rights should be removed by force if necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Lock believe about human nature

A

guided by tolerance and reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Rousseau mean by the General Will

A

the good of the community as a whole most important, community above indv interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Rousseau believe about human nature?

A

development of society had corrupted people’s natural goodness. People became vain but in the state of nature were good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of government does Rousseau prefer

A

Monarchy (strongest) aristocracy(most stable and in most states the preferable form) and democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Rousseau mean by the sovereign

A

Collective grouping of all people who by their consent enter into a civil society called the sovereign, the sovereign seen as the unified will

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Mill believe about higher and lower pleasures

A

Higher pleasures better - stimulate though/spiritual whereas lower pleasures those that give instant gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was Mill’s Harm Principle about

A

State only has the right to intervene in actions that are other regarding not self regarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Mill’s three basic freedoms for society

A

Freedom of thought - provided we do not cause harm to others
Freedom of action - no harm to others
Freedom of association - individuals can form groups for collective pursuit of interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Mill believe about Human nature

A

Positive, capacity for improvement, best learn about their opinions when challenged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Marx’s view of human nature

A

Contradiction between human potential and working in a capitalist society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Marx say about society

A

Class divided society, bourgeoisie and proletariat
Criticised capitalist economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Marx say about class consciousness

A

Proletariat understand how capitalism works, and are aware of their mission to abolish it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Machiavelli think about morals?

A

Amoralist - someone who is quiet about morality in politics as opposed to renouncing morality in politics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does Plato consider a just society

A

A harmonious society
All should live a just life, in order to do that basic economic needs should be met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Plato say about the division of labour

A

Human being by nature are unequal, so far as distribution of talents, each member carries out a particular duty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

According to Marx, how is the transformation to a communist society to be achieved

A

violent revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In what, according to Mary Wollstonecraft, does mankind’s pre-eminence over the brute creation consist

A

capacity for reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Book 1.8 of the Social Contract Rousseau distinguishes three types of freedom or liberty. These are

A

Natural, civil and moral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

According to Hobbes, what is the source of a sovereign’s right to rule, and what is the extent of its political power

A

Source is consent and the extent is unlimited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

According to Plato, justice is “whatever is in the interest of …”

A

everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

According to Hobbes in Leviathan, what innate human faculty makes man want to escape from the state of nature

A

Fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Who is Plato’s mouthpiece

A

Socrates

29
Q

Thomas Hobbes book

A

Leviathan 1651

30
Q

What does Marx think about the state

A

Serves interests of ruling class
Need for violent revolution (no parliamentary road) + replaced with dictatorship of the proletariat (class conscious workers)

31
Q

How can Mill be said to be utilitarian

A

Believes in the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Utilitarianism - actions are right if they produce happiness, wrong if the opposite

32
Q

What did Wollstonecraft believe about education

A

for education of men and women. Family, society + marriage would benefit from educated women

33
Q

What did Wollstonecraft believe about socialisation

A

Women were socialised in a certain way, not that people were by nature one way or another.

34
Q

What is Wollstonecraft’s view of Human Nature

A

Men and women are equal given the same environment. Rationalism is key

35
Q

What did Wollstonecraft think about society

A

Wasting its assets because it kept women in their domestic role and denied them economic independence

36
Q

What did Rousseau believe about democracy

A

Direct democracy everyone voted to express the general will

37
Q

Why are human violent according to Hobbes

A

Competition, diffidence and glory - gain what they desire, defend their gains and for their reputation

38
Q

What does Machiavelli think about human nature

A

Self-interested and unreliable, stupid + irrational, incapable of knowing what is best for them

39
Q

Main idea of Machiavelli’s “The Prince”

A

Ruler needs to break w conventional morality to maintain rule

40
Q

Why does Plato critique democracy

A

Argue governed by emotion not reason

41
Q

What government does Plato consider just

A

Aristocractic

42
Q

Who did Plato say should lead society

A

Philosopher Kings

43
Q

Which of the following is the most important political value for J. S. Mill

A

liberty

44
Q

Locke’s Second Treatise of Government was written in which period of English history

A

Between the Restoration and the Glorious Revolution

45
Q

According to Hobbes, what is the standard of justice

A

Civil law

46
Q

Machiavelli’s virtu is a masculine principle that refers to

A

Prowess and Skill

47
Q

Plato divides the people of his ideal state into three types or classes. These are:

A

Guardians, Auxillaries & Businessmen

48
Q

According to Marx and Engels, in a capitalist society the main function of the state is what

A

Promote interests of ruling class

49
Q

What type of feminism is Mary Wollstonecraft usually associated with

A

Liberal

50
Q

Which of the following concepts do you associate with the political thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

The General Will

51
Q

According to Locke, the right to property is

A

Natural right

52
Q

According to Marx and Engels in The Manifesto of the Communist Party, what are the basic component units of all societies so far

A

Social Classes

53
Q

According to Locke, which of the following makes a government legitimate

A

Tacit Consent

54
Q

Mill describes himself as a ‘utilitarian.’ Which of the following best represents this position

A

Act with regard to the best possible outcome

55
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli book

A

The Prince 1513/32

56
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft book

A

A Vindication of the Rights of Women 1792

57
Q

John Jacques Rousseau book

A

The Social Contract 1762

58
Q

J.S.Mills book

A

On Liberty 1859

59
Q

Karl Marx book

A

The Communist Manifesto 1848

60
Q

Plato book

A

Republic 380bc

61
Q

John Locke book

A

Two Treatises of Government 1690

62
Q

What context did Machiavelli write the Prince

A

just after forced to leave Florence (political exile), dedicated to Medici advice stay in power

63
Q

What context did Hobbes write Leviathan

A

Response to fear Hobbes experienced during the English Civil Wars

64
Q

What context did Locke write Two Treatises

A

Glorious Revolution - deposed James, brought William III and Mary

65
Q

What context did J.S.Mill write On Liberty

A

defence of utiltarianism

66
Q

What context did Wollstonecraft write Rights of Women

A

reaction to Burke’s Reflections on the French Revolution 1789

67
Q

What context did Rousseau write the Social Contract

A

Enlightenment

68
Q

What context did Marx write Communist Manifesto

A

Industrialisation

69
Q

What context did Plato write the Republic

A

Golden age of Athenian democracy

Political Theory (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions