Political situation from 1911-1914 Flashcards
What was the Roman question?
Used to describe the split between the Italian state and the Catholic Church, which refused to recognise Italy as a state
What is Irredentism?
Italy’s unification would only be complete if ALL Italian speaking lands were incorporated (Triste and Fuime)
What are the 3 groups Giolitti had to face?
- Socialists
- Nationalists
- Catholics
What was formed in 1910 and what happened by 1914?
ANI - had huge support by 1914
How many votes did the PSI win in 1913 and how many deputies?
A quarter of all votes, 79 deputies in Parliament
What did socialism popularity growth mirror?
Mirrored Italy’s industrialisation due to internal migration
What shows the Liberals and Catholics getting along in 1911?
Catholics were apart of governing coalitions in Turin, Bologna, Florence and Venice
What party was most opposed to Giolitti and was not willing to work with?
ANI
What did the ANI favour?
- steady colonial expansion
- strong army
- stronger police powers
- ban on public sector strikes
- aggressive foreign policy
- claim irredente lands
- claim lands in Africa
Why did Giolitti invade Libya in 1911?
To neutralise the threat of nationalists
By what percentage did exports increase in 1911-1914?
4.5%
How did Giolitti try to placate the PSI?
- offering moderate social reform (state subsidised sickness and old age fund for the merchant navy)
Who was the leader of the PSI?
Filippo Turati
What did the Pope do in 1913 elections
Supported Giolitti
How many strikes between 1910-1911?
1,500
How many people emigrated between 1912 and 1913?
1.5 million
How many catholic workers unions were there in 1910?
374
What did Giolitti raise the working age to?
12
What was the life expectancy of Italians in 1914?
- same as europeans
What was the national average for illiteracy in 1914?
37.6%
What was Giolitti’s most important concession to the socialists in 1906?
new policy of non-intervention in labour disputes and courts to settle pay disputes
