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Political Science > Political Science Test 1 > Flashcards

Political Science Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

politics

A
  • who gets what, when and how -Harold Laswell

- a process or an activity through which power and resources are gained and lost

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2
Q

power

A

ability to get other people to do what you want them to do

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3
Q

social order

A

what the process of politics is trying to arrange in order for people to be able to live without crashing into each other at every turn

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4
Q

legitimate

A

principles accepted as “right”

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5
Q

government

A
  • a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people
  • shaped by the process of politics
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6
Q

authority

A

power that citizens view as legitimate or power to which we have implicitly consented

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7
Q

rules

A
  • the “how” in the definition “who gets what, when and how”

- provide a framework for solving (without violence) the problems generated by our collective lives

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8
Q

institutions

A
  • the “where” in the political struggle

- organizations where governmental power is exercised

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9
Q

economics

A

concerned specifically with the production and distribution of society’s wealth

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10
Q

capitalist economy

A
  • all the means that are used to produce material resources are privately owned, and decisions about production and distribution are left to individuals operating through the free-market process
  • reliant on the process of supply and demand
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11
Q

laissez-faire captialism

A
  • “let people do as they wish”

- the government has no economic role

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12
Q

regulated capitalism

A

individual freedom from government interference is the norm, but it allows government to step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights and to provide procedural guarantees

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13
Q

procedural guarantees

A

guarantee from the government in a regulated capitalist system that all rules will work smoothly and fairly

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14
Q

socialist economy

A
  • like that of the former soviet union
  • based on ideas of german economist Karl Marx
  • economic decisions are made by politicians, not individuals
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15
Q

substantive guarantees

A

guarantees made by the government of what they believe to be fair outcomes in a socialist economy

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16
Q

values of a socialist/communist system

A
  • it is unjust for some people to won more property than others and to have power over them because of it. therefore, the state or society (rather than corporations or individuals) own the property.
  • politics controls the distribution of all resources
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17
Q

social democracy

A
  • hold the belief that most property can be privately held.
  • the values of equality promoted by socialism are attractive and can be brought about by democratic reform rather than revolution
  • strive for the balance between providing substantive guarantees of fair outcomes and procedural guarantees of fair rules
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18
Q

examples of social democracies

A

countries in Western Europe (Norway, Denmark and Sweden)

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19
Q

authoritarian governments

A
  • give ultimate power to the state rather than to the people to decide how they out to live their lives
  • the people have no choice but to submit to its will
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20
Q

totalitarian

A
  • when a system combines an authoritarian government with a socialist economy
  • may exercise power over every part of society (economic, social, political, and moral)
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21
Q

dictatorship or monarchy

A

sovereignty is vested in an individuals

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22
Q

theocracy

A

sovereignty is vested in God

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23
Q

fascism

A

sovereignty is vested in the state itself

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24
Q

oligarchy

A

sovereignty is vested in a ruling class

25
Q

authoritarian capitalism

A

people have economic freedom, but stringent social regulations limit noneconomic behavior

26
Q

anarchy

A
  • the most extreme form of nonauthoritarianism

- anarchist would do away with the government and laws altogether

27
Q

democracy

A
  • a less extreme for of nonauthoritarianism
  • the government is not external to the people– the government is the people.
  • from the greek “demos” meaning “people”
  • try to maximize freedom for the individuals who live under them
28
Q

popular sovereignty

A
  • there is no power greater than the people
  • no government is considered legit unless the governed consent to it and people are not truly free unless they live under a law of their own making
29
Q

elite democracy

A

democracy is merely a system of choosing among competing leaders

30
Q

pluralist democracy

A

membership in groups that participate in government decision making on their members’ behalf (such as labor unions, professional associations, and environmental or business groups) is more important than individual participation

31
Q

participatory democracy

A

more than consent or majority rule in making governmental decisions is needed. Individuals have the right to control all the circumstances of their lives and their direct participation is necessary

32
Q

advanced industrial democracies

A

combine a considerable amount of personal freedom with a free-market (still usually regulated) economy.

33
Q

communist democracy

A
  • karl marx

- radical democracy would coexist with communally owned property

34
Q

subjects

A
  • in authoritarian systems, people are subjects of their government
  • they posess no rights that protect them from the government
35
Q

citizens

A

democratic systems view people as citizens that have a potentially powerful role to play in governmental actions

36
Q

social contract

A

locke believed that when people decide they are better off with government than without it, they enter into a social contract, giving up some of those rights in exchange for the protection of the rest of their rights y a government established by the majority

37
Q

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

A

two British philosophers who led the new way of thinking about subjecthood and citizenship. the foundation of government is reason, not faith, and reason leads people to consent to being governed because they are better off that way

38
Q

republic

A

according to James Madison, a republic differs from a democracy mainly in that it employs representation and can work in a large state.

39
Q

James Madison

A
  • writings were influenced by John Locke
  • government had a duty to protect property and if people who didn’t have property could get involved in politics, they might not care about protecting the property of others
  • House of Representatives would represent our views for us is easier and safer than individual participation
40
Q

immigrants

A

people who are citizens or subjects of another country who come here to live and work

41
Q

naturalization

A

immigrants go through this process to apply for citizenship

42
Q

refugees

A

do not come as legal permanent residents and are allowed into the US if they face or are threatened with persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinions.

43
Q

political culture

A

refers to the general political orientation or disposition of a nation- the shared values and beliefs about the nature of the political world that gives us a common language in which to discuss and debate political ideas

44
Q

values

A

ideals or principles that most people agree are important, even though they may disagree on how that value is defined

45
Q

normative

A
  • aren’t true or false

- dependent on statements to back them up

46
Q

individualism

A

the belief in the primacy of the individual citizen

47
Q

democracy

A

in America, a procedure for making political decisions, for choosing political leaders and for selecting policies as a nation

48
Q

freedom

A

freedom from the individual from restraint by the state

49
Q

equality

A

a third central value in American political culture not because we want people to be the same, but we want them to be treated the same

50
Q

ideologies

A

the sets of beliefs and opinions about politics, the economy and society that help people make sense of their world

51
Q

conservatives

A

in favor of traditional social values, distrust gov’t action except in matters of national security, slow to advocate change, and place a priority on the maintenance of social order

52
Q

liberals

A

value the possibilities of progress and change, trust gov’t, look for innovations to answer social problems, and focus on expansion of individual rights and expression

53
Q

economic liberals

A

willing to allow gov’t to make substantive decisions about the economy

54
Q

economic conservatives

A

distrust government interference in individual lives and in the economy

55
Q

libertarians

A

believe that only minimal government action in any sphere is acceptable

56
Q

social liberals

A

some government action is necessary for a substantive vision of what society should be like

57
Q

communitarians

A

most extreme adherents of social liberalism are known for their strong commitment to a community based on radical equality of all people

58
Q

social conservatives

A

limited gov’t involvement in economy but with less force and perhaps for different reasons than economic conservatives

Political Science (1 decks)

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